Heregulins

Palozza, P., Serini, S., Maggiano, N. et al. 2005a. Beta-carotene downregulates the steady-state and heregulin-alpha-induced COX-2 pathways in colon cancer cells. J Nutr 135 129-136. 

Baulida, J., and G. Carpenter. Heregulin degradation in the absence of rapid receptor-mediated internalization. Exp Cell Res. 232 167-172.1997. 

PPl (8) and its pyrazolopyrimidine analog PP2 (9) [99-108] were first described as potent inhibitors of SFKs with marked selectivity versus ZAP-70, JAK2, EGF-R, and PKA kinases. PPl provided an early key inhibitor of Src kinase to enable determination of its roles in VEGF-mediated angiogenesis and vascular permeability, Src-driven human breast cancer cell lines with respect to both heregulin-dependent or independent growth, and Src-related,... 

Tang FY, Chiang EP, Sun YC. 2008. Resveratrol inhibits heregulin-betal-mediated matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression and cell invasion in human breast cancer cells. J Nutr Biochem 19 287-294. 

Once all the violations have been checked and some corrections have been made, the process of structure calculation starts all over again with a new, improved restraint list. It may take more than 20 cycles of calculation and reexamination of NMR data before the restraint violations are reduced to a minimum. The results of this process after 27 cycles of calculation are shown in Figure 12.37 for Heregulin-o EGF domain. The average of the 20 lowest energy structures is shown on the left side, and on the right side is the same structure rotated a bit about the vertical axis. The major /3-sheet (3-6,17-24,30-37) is clearly visible but is twisted in the 3D structure. A short a-helix is inserted between two strands of the /1-sheet, and a minor two-strand /i-shccl (39 11,46 19) is seen at the top. Residues 51-63 are disordered and are not shown in the figure. 

Jacobsen NE, Abadi N, Sliwkowski MX, Reilly D, Skelton NJ, Fairbrother WJ. High resolution solution structure of the EGF-like domain of heregulin-a. Biochemistry 1996 35 3402-3417. 

Zheng JL, Frantz G, Lewis AK, Sliwkowski M, Gao WQ (1999) Heregulin enhances regenerative proliferation in postnatal rat utricular sensory epithelium after ototoxic shock. J Neurocytol 28 901-912... 

Gerlai R, Pisacane P, Erickson S. 2000. Heregulin, but not ErbB2 or ErbB3, heterozygous mutant mice exhibit hyperactivity in multiple behavioral tasks. Behav Brain Res 109 219-227. 

Guerra-Vladusic FK, Vladusic EA, Tsai MS, Lupu R. 2001. Signaling molecules implicated in heregulin induction of growth arrest and apoptosis. Oncol Rep 8 1203-1214. 

Hellyer NJ, Kim MS, Koland JG. 2001. Heregulin-dependent activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and Akt via the ErbB2/ErbB3 co-receptor. J Biol Chem 276 42153-42161. 

Hijazi MM, Thompson EW, Tang C, Coopman P, Torri JA, et al. 2000. Heregulin regulates the actin cytoskeleton and promotes invasive properties in breast cancer cell lines. Int J... 

Holmes WE, Sliwkowski MX, Akita RW, Henzel WJ, Lee J, et al. 1992. Identification of heregulin, a specific activator of pl85erbB2. Science 256 1205-1210. 

Schroering A, Carey DJ. 1998. Sensory and motor neuron-derived factor is a transmembrane heregulin that is expressed on the plasma membrane with the active domain exposed to the extracellular environment. J Biol Chem 273 30643-30650. 

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