Diuron, herbicide

Pesce S, Fajon C, Bardot C, Bonnemoy F, Portelli C, Bohatier J (2006) Effect of the phenylurea herbicide diuron on natural riverine microbial communities in an experimental study. Aquat Toxicol 78 303... 

Nebeker, A.V. and Schu3rtema. G.S. Chronic effects of the herbicide diuron on freshwater cladocerans, amphipods, midges, minnows, worms, and snails. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol, 35(3) 441-446, 1998. 

EW Zahnow. Analysis of the herbicide diuron in crops. J Agric Food Chem 35 403-406, 1987. 

Hodges. L. and R.E. Talbert (1990). Adsorption of the herbicides diuron, terbacil, and simazine to blueberry mulches. Hort. Sci., 25 401 402. 

Finally, in fourth place we find 2,4-D, which is used at a little over 1 million pounds per year. This is the first pesticide which we might normally think of when considering the most common pesticides. This is followed in 7th-10th positions by four other herbicides, Diuron, Vapam, Dinoseb, and Eptam. 

Scholthof, K.B.G., Z. Guisheng, and A.E. Karu. 1997. Derivation and properties of recombinant fab antibodies to the phenylurea herbicide diuron. J. Agric. Food Chem. 45 1509-1517. 

FIGURE 7.8 Dynamics in exposure concentrations of the herbicide diuron in 6 waterways as measured in the Bommelerwaard area, The Netherlands, from 1990 to 2002 (data from Steen 2002), and the probability of effects of the peak concentrations observed (1.25 pg diuron/L) as predicted by PERPEST. 

Diuron was introduced by du Pont in 1954 (Fig. 3). It is one of a series of substituted urea herbicides. Diuron is applied preemergence to crops such as cotton, alfalfa, grapes, fruit and nut crops. Foliar activity is enhanced when a surfactant is added to the spray. 

We tried to obtain a herbicide binder from a tetrapeptide library. The herbicides diuron (DCMU) [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-l, 1-dimethylurea] and atrazine (2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine) are widely used for crop protection (Fig. 8.4). However, due to their widespread use, they contribute greatly to water pollution on a worldwide scale.24,25 Many risk characterizations or epidemiological studies on triazine herbicides (i.e., atrazine, simazine, cyanazine) have been reported including the clastogenic potentials of atrazine and simazine to Chinese hamster ovary cells26 or their carcinogenicity.27,28 The standard level of atrazine in... 

Introduced in 1951 by du Pont in the USA monuron (CMU, 6) was the first urea herbicide. Diuron (DCMU, 7) was introduced by the same company in 1956. 

Herbicides Substituted urea herbicides Diuron, neburon, phenobenzuron and isoproturon Adsorption LiChrosorb SI 60 Water saturated with dichloromethane (the role of water being to block the most active silanol sites thereby... 

In 2002, for the first time since 1999, the cereal herbicide isoproturon is not the most frequendy occurring pesticide. The noiu icultural herbicide diuron occurs most frequendy, with herbicide mecoprop second and isopromron third. Diuron is a persistent herbicide used on noncrop areas, particularly railways lines, recreational areas and other hard surfiice. Use of diuron as an antifoulant has been ceased in November 2002. Simazine shows an increasing level that can be explained as much targeted monitoring as by variation in agricultural practice. 

Schneider P, Goodrow MH, Gee SJ et al. A highly sensitive and rapid ELISA for the urea herbicides diuron, monuronand linuron. J Agric Food Chem 1994 42 413-422. 

P. Schneider, M.H. Goodrow, S.J. Gee, B.D. Hammock, A Highly Sensitive and Rapid ELISA for the Arylurea Herbicides Diuron, Monuron and Liuron , J. Agric. Food Chem., 42, 413-422 (1994). 

Nonlinear isotherms have been reported particularly at low Cg values (Fig. 3.10a). The sorption of both dibromoethane (EDB) and the herbicide diuron (DUN) on a peat soil (49.3%OC) both show this response, which is more pronounced with the latter. A similar type of response is also observed in soils of lower organic carbon content. A competitive effect is also demonstrated with trichloroethylene and phenol suppressing the sorption of EDB and EDB (at a sufficient concentration), monuron and dichlorophenol affecting the sorption of diuron. The... 

The herbicide diuron belongs to the group of phenylurea herbicides and is an inhibitor of the Photosystem II of algae and other plants. It is used not only as an agricultural herbicide but also as a biocide in paints and other consumer products. Diuron is a neutral compound and all its transformation products are neutral too (Eig. 4). All transformation products exhibit hydrophobicities within the same order of magnitude as the parent compoimd. DCPMU and DCPU are the products of demethylation on the amine group and MCPDMU has lost one chlorine substituent. All experimental physicochemical data were obtained from [39] and are given in Fig. 4. 

Liu WP, Gan JJ, Lee SJ, Werner I (2004) Isomer selectivity in aquatic toxicity and biodegradation of cypermethrin. J Agricultur Food Chem 52 6233-6238 Tixier C, Sancelme M, Bonnemoy F, Cuer A, Veschambre H (2001) Degradation products of a phenylurea herbicide, diuron Synthesis, ecotoxicity, and biotransformation. Environ Toxicol Chem 20 1381-1389... 

PiLLAY and Tchan (1972) observed that bromacil was more toxic to Chlorella NMI than were the triazines, atrazine, simazine, and atratone only 0.32 ppm was required for 50% inhibition of the growth of the alga. Cullimore (1975), in an extensive study of the influence of a range of herbicides (diuron, monuron, and linuron paraquat and diquat bromacil 2,4-DB, 2,4-DP, and 2,4,5-T barban and EPTC dicamba and 2,3,6-TBA dichlobenil and bromoxynil dalapon picloram) on 17 members of the Chlorophyceae, established bromacil to be one of the most toxic of these herbicides. Most sensitive of the algal genera were Hormid-ium and Haematococcus. 

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