Herbicides derived from poly

Alkylated phenol derivatives are used as raw materials for the production of resins, novolaks (alcohol-soluble resins of the phenol—formaldehyde type), herbicides, insecticides, antioxidants, and other chemicals. The synthesis of 2,6-xylenol [576-26-1] h.a.s become commercially important since PPO resin, poly(2,6-dimethyl phenylene oxide), an engineering thermoplastic, was developed (114,115). The demand for (9-cresol and 2,6-xylenol (2,6-dimethylphenol) increased further in the 1980s along with the growing use of epoxy cresol novolak (ECN) in the electronics industries and poly(phenylene ether) resin in the automobile industries. The ECN is derived from o-cresol, and poly(phenylene ether) resin is derived from 2,6-xylenol. 

Two groups of sucrose derivatives of herbicidal acids have been reported. The herbicidal properties of the sucrose esters of (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-acetic acid and other analogs differed somewhat from the salts of the free herbicide acids. This could be accounted for as being due to differences in solubility and penetration, since it is unlikely, by analogy to the fatty acid esters, that the sucrose esters would remain intact in the plant. 0 The second set of sucrose esters were water-soluble sirups, having surfactant properties, prepared from reaction products of hydroxyethyl ethers of sucrose or diglycidyl ethers of poly(oxyetbylene glycol) with (2,4,5-tri-chlorophenoxy) acetic acid or other herbicidal acids. 1... 

Quinoxaline 1,4-dioxides possess antibacterial activity, " as well as being fungicides, insecticides, and herbicides. Quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid 1,4-dioxide has been isolated from cultures of Sireplomyces ambrofaciens and this compound has been shown to have antibiotic properties. Echinomycin, from the quinoxaline-peptide antibiotic family, contains one or more quinoxaline rings and is an antitumor agent. Quinoxaline derivatives are also antagonists at the jV-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor of the glycine modulatory site. Poly(phenylquinoxalines) are used as high temperature polymers. 

The controlled release of various types of herbicides have been studied by many workers and has been summarized elsewhere (4-6, 23). Less Is known, however, about the controlled release of herbicides for land plants than for aquatic plants. Previous studies by other research groups have reported that Isocyanate modified polymers, made from chltln, cellulose or poly(vlnyl alcohol), hydrolyze slowly In aqueous media to release the corresponding aniline derivative (17,24,25). No data appears to be currently available on how effective these agents are as herbicides. 

Monomeric dihydrazides were prepared by the reaction of 2,4-D and CMPA derivatized tartrate and glutarate with hydrazine hydrate, and polymerized by reactions with HMDI to form polyureas. These monomeric derivatives were also polymerized with terephthaldehyde to form poly(Schiff base)s containing herbicide moieties (Scheme 3.11) [136]. The effect of structure and of the aqueous environment on the hydrolysis rates of 2,4-D from the polymers were investigated under various conditions. 

Poly(ethylenimine S-alkyldithiocarbamate) polymers were prepared from respective poly(ethylenimine sodium dithiocarbamate) and alkyl chlorides, aralkyl chlorides, substituted alkyl esters of chloroacetic acid, p-chloroethyl esters of carbamic and carboxylic acids, and N-substituted chlorocarboxamides. The derivatives thus obtained were decomposed both physically and chemically to release sulfur and sulfur-containing substances which acted as controlled-release herbicides or fungicides. One author has proposed reactions of the pesticide 2,6-dichlorobenzaldehyde with diols and amines to form polyamide polycondensation products. ... 

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