Hepatic lesions carcinomas

Hepatic lesions (adenomas, focal nodular hyperplasia, hepatocellular carcinoma, etc) Rarely, benign and malignant hepatic adenomas have been associated with the use of hormonal contraceptives. Severe abdominal pain, shock, or death may be due to rupture and hemorrhage of a liver tumor. 

Signs of methyl bromide toxicity following acute exposure include irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract, tremor, incoordination, depression of the central nervous system and convulsions. Long-term exposure induces pulmonary congestion, central nervous system effects, and renal and hepatic lesions. After oral administration to rats, hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis (and squamous-cell carcinomas) of the forestomach were observed (lARC, 1986). 

An example of a tissue-specific CA is the Gd + complex of ethoxy-benzyl (EOB)-DTPA. This lipophilic complex, known as Primovist (formerly Eovist , from Bayer Schering Pharma AG), enters the hepatocytes through the membrane-bound organic anion transporter and allows for the detection of hepatic lesions characterized by a decrease (metastases, hepatocellular carcinoma) or an increase (focal nodular hyperplasia) in the hepatocytes signal. This liver-specific CA is then eliminated via the biliary pathway and by the kidneys. ... 

The rate of resectability is only 15-20% for proximal bile duct carcinomas but up to 70% for distal lesions. In addition, there is little benefit to preoperative decompression of the biliary tree in patients having obstructive jaundice (65,66). However, this procedure is frequently practiced. For proximal cancers, local excision is often possible. In particular, hepatic resection is indicated for upper bile duct cancers with quadrate lobe invasion or unilateral intrahepatic ductal or vascular involvement, and distal and midductal lesions may require pancreatoduodenectomy. Also, biliary-enteric continuity... 

Liver cancer can be induced in rats by localized irradiation (UNSCEAR, 1977) or by a number of different chemicals and dosage schedules (Farber, 1984). Initiation-promotion protocols are also effective inducers of liver tumors. The predominant lesions are preneoplastic nodules, but as in the skin, carcinomas arise late in the process. Altered hepatic cell fod can be identified within a few weeks after the start of carcinogen treatment by specific changes in enzyme activity, inability... 

The skin lesions are often the first sign of underlying liver cell damage. Clinically, overt liver disease is uncommon, but minor alterations in biochemical tests of liver function are present in more than 50% of patients. Needle biopsy of the liver reveals hepatic siderosis in most patients, usually accompanied by minor histopathological abnormalities nfild fatty infiltration, focal necrosis of hepatocytes, and inflammation of portal tracts. Cirrhosis is unusual, being present in less than 15% of patients, but carries a high risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. 

A large body of the current literature on adverse reactions and the liver addresses the development of neoplasms following drug therapy. Both carcinoma- and sarcoma-fike lesions have been identified. Fortunately, hepatic tumors associated with drug therapy are usually benign and remit when drug therapy is discontinued. Except in rare instances, these lesions are associated with long-term exposure to the offend-... 

R5). Eleven specimens of breast lesions obtained from 10 male patients were analyzed for ERP. Three patients (ages, 49, 77, and 82 years) had infiltrating duct carcinomas with no axillary metastases. ERP in each of these was positive. Eight specimens with gynecomastia, one of which was obtained from the 77-year-old patient with carcinomas in the same breast, were also analyzed. Of these, ERP was positive in a 59-year-old man who had cirrhosis of the liver two patients with borderline ERP had hepatitis and testicular seminoma, respectively. No relationship between histopathologic features of the lesions and ERP results was found. 

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