Hemorrhagic Fever Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis

Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis 

The clinical presentation depends on several factors, including virulence of the specific virus, the route of exposure, the dose and the health status of the patient. All of the VHP viruses target the vascular bed. Consequently, the principal clinical features are due to microvascular damage and concomitant increases in vascular permeability (48). 

a bunyavirus infection, primarily affects the liver, with hemorrhagic complications occurring in a small proportion of patients. In recent Pgyptian RVP outbreaks, retinitis was a frequent comphcation (48). On the other hand, the bunya-virus-caused C-CHP features profound hemorrhagic complications due to DlC. Affected patients may bleed profusely, with secondary transmission occurring from contact with infected blood. 

Given that the natural distribution of each VHP virus is finked with the ecology of its reservoir and vectors, a high index of suspicion and a detailed travel 

Because disease transmission is possible from contact with aerosolized excretions or contact with contaminated material in the environment, many patients may not recall either seeing or having direct contact with a rodent reservoir (48). In addition, because mosquito bites are incredibly common, patient reports of mosquito bites are not helpful in diagnosing many VHP infections. On the other hand, a history of tick bite or nosocomial exposure can be a significant clue to a suspected C-CHP (48). A history of exposure to animals in abattoirs may suggest RVP or C-CHP in a patient suspected of having a VHP infection (48). 

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