Heat, theories theory

H. Cheung, Critical Keview of Heat Pipe Theory and Applications, DCKT-50453, Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, University of California, Livermore, Calif., 1968. 

Chapter 3 of Volume 1 discusses many of the basic properties of gas and methods presented for calculating them. Chapter 6 of Volume 1 contains a brief discussion of heat transfer and an equation to estimate the heat required to change the temperature of a liquid. This chapter discusses heat transfer theory in more detail. The concepts discussed in this chapter can be used to predict more accurately the required heat duty for oil treating, as well as to size heat exchangers for oil and water. 

The molecular weight (mean relative molecular mass) was obtained by determination of density but, in order to determine that the gas was monatomic and its atomic and molecular weights identical, it was necessary to measure the velocity of sound in the gas and to derive from this the ratio of its specific heats kinetic theory predicts that Cp/C = 1.67 for a monatomic and 1.40 for a diatomic gas. 

Warme-theorie, /. theory of heat, -tisch, m. warming table, -tonung, /. heat effect (of a reaction), heat of reaction, heat change, heat tone. -Ubergang, m. passage of heat, heat transmission, heat transfer, -ubertragimg, /. heat transfer. 

In an obituaiy talk given at the Physical Society of Berlin in 1889, Hermann Helmholtz stressed that Clausius s strict formulation of the mechanical heat theory is one of the most surprising and interesting achievements of the old and new physics, because of the absolute generality independent of the nature of the physical body and since it establishes new, unforeseen relations between different branches of physics. 

Taborek, J., G. F. Hewitt, and N. Afgan, Heat Exchangers, Theory and Practice, Hemisphere Publishina Co./McGraw-Hill Book Co. (1983). 

The fundamentals of heat-transfer theory are covered in Volume 1, Chapter 9 and in many other textbooks Holman (2002), Ozisik (1985), Rohsenow et al. (1998), Kreith and Bohn (2000), and Incropera and Dewitt (2001). 

McNaught, J. M. (1983) An assessment of design methods for condensation of vapors from a noncondensing gas, in Heat Exchangers Theory and Practice (McGraw-Hill). 

LI. Luikov, A. V., Analytical Heat Diffusion Theory. Academic Press, New York, 1968. Ml. Masliyah, J. H., and Epstein, N., Prog. Heat Mass Transfer 6, 613-632 (1972). 

The theoretical value of the frequency of vibration, depending on the curvature of the cmrve at its minimum, is naturally more uncertain. Calculation shows that the curve gives a frequency of vibration of 5300 cm. S about 20% higher than the value 4360 cm. from experiment. As for the moment of inertia, while it is larger than most of the values from specific heat theories, it is in accord with the larger values which have been found by Richardson and Tanaka from analysis of the hydrogen bands. 

This boundary condition is the diffusion analog of Newton s law of cooling in heat conduction theory. A noteworthy conclusion is that a polydisperse self-nucleating sol tends to become monodisperse, i.e., the initial size distribution becomes more peaked as growth progresses. Waite (Wl)... 

Kapitsa (K7, K8), 1948 Theoretical treatment of wavy flow of thin films of viscous liquids, including capillary effects. Only regular waves considered. Wavy flow shown to be more stable than smooth film, and about 7% thinner than smooth film at same flow rate. Also calculates wave amplitudes, wavelengths, etc., onset of wavy flow, effects of countercurrent gas stream, heat transfer. Theory applicable only if wavelength exceeds 14 film thicknesses. Error in treatment pointed out by Levich (L9). 

Sect. 5.4), the heat transfer process can be modeled using classical unsteady state heat conduction theory [142-144]. From the mathematical solutions to heat conduction problems, a thermal diffusivity can be extracted from measurements of temperatures vs. time at a position inside a gel sample of well-defined geometry. 

Tarassov (1955) and also Desorbo (1953) have considered these ideas in relation to a onedimensional crystal in which case the one-dimensional frequency distribution function predicts a T dependence of the specific heat at low temperatures. In the case of crystalline selenium, however, it has been found necessary to combine the one-dimensional theory with the three-dimensional Debye continuum model in order to obtain quantitative agreement with the data below about 40° K. Tem-perley (1956) has also concluded that the one-dimensional specific heat theory for high polymers would have to be combined with a three-dimensional Debye spectrum proportional to T3 at low temperatures. For a further discussion of one-dimensional models see Sochava and TRAPEZNrKOVA (1957). 

The gas theory is obviously not capable of general application, since many excellent flameproofers -- for example, titanium-antimony oxide mixtures -- do not evolve gases on heating. The theory has been criticized as unten le (20), based on the amounts of gas produced. Nevertheless, the gases produced are worthy of careful study as contributing in a subsidiary manner to the flameproofing of cellulose. 

Chi, S. W. Heat Pipe Theory and Practice, Hemisphere Publishing Co., New York, 1976. 

The basic point of the preceding illustration is that there is a great amount of repetitive information flow in the design process. As a result, what is perceived to be an extremely creative process is actually very repetitive in nature. The types of analytical problems that are encountered in the mold/die design process generally fall into the sciences of fluid mechanics and heat-transfer theory. 

Intelligent selection of heat-transfer equipment requires an understanding of the basic theories of heat transfer and the methods for design calculation. In addition, the problems connected with mechanical design, fabrication, and operation must not be overlooked. An outline of heat-transfer theory and design-calculation methods is presented in this chapter, together with an analysis of the general factors that must be considered in the selection of heat-transfer equipment. 

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