Health care team model

The goal of the second research phase was to transition consultant pharmacists from performing retrospective chart reviews to performing prospective evaluations in which the pharmacists intervene in the delivery of care. The settings in which the Fleetwood Project model was implemented increased clinical pharmacist decision making, increased pharmacists interactions with patients and families, and improved corrammication among patients health care team members. ... 

Several excellent works on collaboration have been published (Blount, 1998 Doherty 8c Baird, 1983 Seaburn, Lorenz, Gunn, Ga-winski, 8c Mauksch, 1996). Doherty (1995) developed a model that defines five levels of collaboration. The levels range from minimal collaboration, in which professionals work in different sites and rarely communicate about a case, to close collaboration in a fully integrated system, in which professionals from different disciplines practice in the same site and hold team meetings regularly to discuss collaboration issues. For most physicians and therapists, level 5 is more of a dream than a reality. Because of the structure of health care today, most professionals probably practice at levels 1 or 2. 

In professional bureaucracies, fhe patient is the central focus. All members of the organization, or team, have a primary goal in mind — for health care professionals this is improvement in the health and well-being of the patient. As such, health care professionals and not the managers develop the standards by which the patient is cared for. However, one of the drawbacks to this model is the potential for conflict among the professionals themselves, because many of fhe professionals will exercise expert or charismatic power and (most likely) the physician has primary legitimate power. 

In this chapter, pharmaceutical and health-care products, such as prescription drugs, generic drugs, OTC products, animal health products, dietary supplements (vitamins and herbal drugs), and biotechnology-derived products, are discussed in relationship to the format of preformulation reports. Topics of the preformulation study are discussed in detail. Models for some of the reports are provided in the hope that the pharmaceutical development team will devise an individual report format based on particular needs and resources. Analytical techniques useful for preformulation and regulatory conformity or requirements relative to product registration processes are also enumerated. 

Figure 18.1 Team effectiveness model (Reproduced from Quality Safety in Health Care, A N Healey, S Undre, C AVincent. "Defining the technical skills of teamwork in surgery". 15, no. 4, [231-234], 2006, with permission from BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.).

The University of Minnesota Academic Health Center, although enthusiastic about the work and results of CLARION and its Interprofessional Education and Resource Center, has realized that it must do more. Work is currently under way on an interprofessional edncation model, grounded in patient safety as the overarching theme, with mastery of professional and interprofessional competencies as the ontcomes. Figure 8.1 represents the movement to collaborative, team-based preparation and continning education of health care professionals. 

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