Hazardous to the aquatic environment

Linear alkylbenzenesulfonate showed no deleterious effect on agricultural crops exposed to this material (54,55). Kinetics of biodegradation have been studied in both wastewater treatment systems and natural degradation systems (48,57,58). Studies have concluded that linear alkylbenzenesulfonate does not pose a risk to the environment (50). Linear alkylbenzenesulfonate has a half-life of approximately one day in sewage sludge and natural water sources and a half-life of one to three weeks in soils. Aquatic environmental safety assessment has also shown that the material does not pose a hazard to the aquatic environment (56). 

Denmark, and the Danish Environmental Protection Agency (DK-EPA), is one of the leading countries in terms of considering the pros and cons to environmental (Q)SARs. It published an advisory list for self-classification of potentially hazardous substances based on predictions from (Q)SAR models (among these the EPI Suite) on hazards to the aquatic environments and human health risks. A total of 46707 existing substances were examined, identifying 20624 substances that, according to... 

The text is about 560 pages long with much technical detail. It describes physical, health and environmental hazards. For each type of hazard (for instance explo-sivity, carcinogenicity and hazards to the aquatic environment) there is a definition, criteria for classification (for instance as suspected human carcinogen) (Fig. 12.3) and hazard communication instructions with a designated ... 

Substances classified under the following criteria will be categorized as hazardous to the aquatic environment . These criteria describe in detail the classification categories. They are diagrammatically summarized in Table 4.1.1. 

Figure 4.1.1 Categories for substances hazardous to the aquatic environment Acute toxicity...

In the event that no useable information on aeute and/or chronic aquatic hazard is available for one or more relevant components, it is concluded that the mixture cannot be attributed (a) definitive hazard category(ies). In this situation the mixture should be classified based on the known components only, with the additional statement that x percent of the mixture consists of components(s) of unknown hazards to the aquatic environment . 

Table 4.1.5 Label elements for hazardous to the aquatic environment...

A2.28 (a) Acute hazards to the aquatic environment (See Chapter 4.1 for details)... 

For mixtures with no usable information for one or more relevant ingredients, classify using the available information and add the statement x percent of the mixture consists of component(s) of unknown hazards to the aquatic environment . 

A9.4.2.4.1 Rapid degradation in the aquatic environment may be demonstrated by other data than referred to in Chapter 4.1, paragraph 4.1.2.10.3, items (a) and (b). These may be data on biotic and/or abiotic degradation. Data on primary degradation can only be used where it is demonstrated that the degradation products shall not be classified as hazardous to the aquatic environment, i.e. that they do not fulfil the classification criteria. 

The following decision scheme may be used as a general guidance to facilitate decisions in relation to rapid degradability in the aquatic environment and classification of chemicals hazardous to the aquatic environment. 

The OECD classification criteria are considering the hazards to the aquatic environment only. However, the hazard classification is primarily based on data prepared by conduction of tests under laboratory conditions that only seldom are similar to the conditions in the environment. Thus, the interpretation of laboratory test data for prediction of the hazards in the aquatic environment should be considered. 

Environmental hazards Hazardous to the aquatic environment, hazardous to the terrestrial environment, hazardous to the ozone layer. 

Flammable liquid. Category 2 Eye Irritation, Category 2A Hazardous to the aquatic environment Acute Category 3... 

Acute Hazards to the Aquatic Environment Hazard category 1 ... 

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