Hazard mitigation analyses, emergency

ENA supports the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospital Organizations standards that advocate emergency management based on the stages of mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. ENA supports implementing a hazard vulnerability analysis that is reviewed annually. 

A hazard analysis may be performed to review reductions in the suggested separation distances. Increased risk can be mitigated by providing additional safeguards, such as fireproofing, automatic water-spray systems, emergency shutdown systems, or additional firefighting equipment. 

As shown in Fig. 4.2, emergency preparedness begins with the identification and mitigation of hazards. When properly done, the systematic analysis and evaluation of chemical process hazards stimulate actions that eliminate the potential for many emergency situations and pinpoint the situations that remain. The direction of these analytical and corrective efforts is... 

Safety instrumented system (SIS) SIS is meant to prevent, control, or mitigate hazardous events and take the process to a safe state when predetermined conditions are violated. An SIS can be one or more SIFs, which is composed of a combination of sensors, logic solvers, and final elements. Other common terms for SISs are safety interlock systems, emergency shutdown (ESD) systems, and safety shutdown systems (SSDs). So, SIS is used as a protection layer between the hazards of the process and the public. SIS or SIF is extremely important when there is no other non-instrumented way of adequately eliminating or mitigating process risks. As per recommendations of standards lEC 61511 2003 (or ANSI/ ISA-84.00.01-2004), a multi-disciplinary team approach following the safety life cycle, conducts hazard analysis, develops layers of protections, and implements an SIS when hazardous events cannot be controlled, prevented, or mitigated adequately by non-instrumented means. 

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