Harriss Technique

The Harris technique used alkaryl ethers instead of halides as illustrated in Figure 23.28 by reaction of a,a -dimethoxy-p-xylene and naphthalene. 

After XPS, AES is the next most widely used surface-analytical technique. As an accepted surface technique AES actually predates XPS by two to three years, because the potential of XPS as a surface-specific technique was not recognized immediately by the surface-science community. Pioneering work was performed by Harris [2.125] and by Weber and Peria [2.126], but the technique as it is known today is basically the same as that established by Palmberg et al. [2.127]. 

Table 10.32 is a shortlist of the characteristics of the ideal polymer/additive analysis technique. It is hoped that the ideal method of the future will be a reliable, cost-effective, qualitative and quantitative, in-polymer additive analysis technique. It may be useful to briefly compare the two general approaches to additive analysis, namely conventional and in-polymer methods. The classical methods range from inexpensive to expensive in terms of equipment they are well established and subject to continuous evolution and their strengths and deficiencies are well documented. We stressed the hyphenated methods for qualitative analysis and the dissolution methods for quantitative analysis. Lattimer and Harris [130] concluded in 1989 that there was no clear advantage for direct analysis (of rubbers) over extract analysis. Despite many instrumental advances in the last decade, this conclusion still largely holds true today. Direct analysis is experimentally somewhat faster and easier, but tends to require greater interpretative difficulties. Direct analysis avoids such common extraction difficulties as ... 

Harris, E., et al. (1996). Detection of Trypanosoma brucei spp. in human blood by a nonradioactive branched DNA-based technique. J. Clin. Microbiol 34,2401-2407. 

A wide range of analytical techniques are today available for identifying and characterizing materials (Hancock 2000). Some, known as qualitative techniques, are designed to provide information only on the nature of the components of materials, that is, which components, elements, and/or compounds, make up a material (Masterton and Slowinski 1986). Most often, however, it is also essential to disclose precisely how much of each particular component there is in a material, and thus to reveal its exact composition. Such information is derived using quantitative techniques (Harris 2002 Jeffery et al. 1989). 

Conway, M.U. and Harris, L.E. "A Laboratory and Field Evaluation of a Technique for Hydraulic Fracturing Stimulation of Deep Wells," SPE paper 10964, 1982 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition of AIME, New Orleans, September 26 29. 

Hyatt AD. Immunogold labeling techniques, in Electron Microscopy in Biology— A Practical Approach (Harris JR, ed.), IRL Press, Oxford, UK, 1991, pp. 59-81. 

Harmonic light generation, 14 678-680 Harmonic spectroscopy, 23 139 Harringtonine, 2 90 Harrison Narcotic Act, 13 683 Harris slag refining process, 16 150 Harris softening process, 14 750, 754 Hartree-Fock SCF techniques, 16 736 Harvest aids, economic aspects of,... 

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is now such an important technique in archaeology, as elsewhere, that we devote a whole chapter to it. There are now a number of different ICP MS modes of operation (solution analysis, laser ablation, multicollector, high resolution) this chapter provides a general overview. Further description of the instrumentation for ICP MS may be found in Harris (1997) and Montaser (1998). Some general applications of solution ICP MS are discussed by Date and Gray (1989), Platzner (1997), and Kennett et al. (2001). 

Fraenkel-Conrat, H., J. I. Harris, and A. L. Levy Recent developments in techniques for terminal and sequence studies in pe])tides and proteins. In. .Methods of Biochemical Analysis", Vol. 2, 359—425 Ed. D. Click, Interscience Publ., 1955. 

Harrison MA, Rae IF and Harris A (1997) General Techniques of Cell Culture Handbooks in Practical Animal Cell Biology, Cambridge University Press. 

Harris J.R., Negative Staining and Cryoelectron Microscopy The Thin Film Techniques, Bios Scientific, Oxford, 1997. 

An interesting alternative technique was discussed by Harris, et al. (11) who made a contactless measurement. A toroidal specimen is formed of the superconductor and is used as the tertiary winding of a small ferrite transformer. Signals from the secondary yield the resistivity in the normal state. Measurements were made at a 20 kHz frequency. 

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