Hardening treatment

Natural fibers such as cotton can be chemically modified to form rayon or acetate. Rayon was first called artificial silk. In the viscose process, cellulose is dissolved in sodium hydroxide, pushed through spinnerets, and treated with acid to harden. Treatment with copper compounds and ammonia is used to form hosiery yams. Acetate (or cellulose acetate), produced by treating cotton with acetic acid and acetic anhydride, is also used in production of clothing. 

HARDENING TREATMENT FOR STABILIZATION OF ASPARTASE ACTIVITY OF IMMOBILIZED EichiXLchlo. COtC... 

On the point of enzyme activity, all tested microbial cells and enzymes could be Immobilized in higher activity by carrageenan method compared with polyacrylamide gel method. Half-life of immobilized preparations with K-carrageenan was increased by hardening treatment, and it was longer than that of polyacrylamide gel method. 

The penetration depth of plasma interaction with a polymer has been estimated to vary between 50A and 10 pm (52). The specific depth of interaction (crosslinking, degradation, chemical modification) depends on both the polymer and the plasma conditions (power, pressure, etc.). Therefore, it would be useful to ascertain the depth and mode of plasma interaction during etching since the resist films are typically a micron or less in thickness. If, for example, the degradation effects are confined to the top few hundred Angstroms of a film, a surface hardening treatment may be all that is required to protect the resist. 

Table 3.1-78 Mechanical properties of group L and group S tool steels at room temperature as a function of hardening treatment [1.88]...

Presoaking or presowing hardening treatments, 212 processes Influenced, 215 advantages, 215, 216 technique, 216, 217 effect on ASG, 226... 

Alloy CTX-909 is a high-strength, precipitation-hardenable super-alloy that offers significant improvements over alloys CTX-1 and CTX-3 due to its combination of tensile properties and stress-rupture strength to 1200T (649°C) in the recrystallized condition combined with the use of common age-hardening treatments. 

Thermospan alloy is a trademark of Carpenter Technology Corp. It is a precipitation-hardenable superalloy having an excellent combination of tensile properties and stress-rupture strength in the recrystallized condition with the use of common solution and age-hardening treatments. The alloy also exhibits a low coefficient of expansion over a broad temperature range. 

Waste mud has a high water content and is muddy. If the water contained is reacted with a hardener such as cement and a hydrated mineral is formed, the mud plasticizes or hardens. If cement is added to waste mud and cured, the strength created will depend on the amount of cement as shown in Fig. 6. Thus a hardening treatment utilizing cement to treat waste mud as well as sludge has been done for many years. However, in order... 

Selective hardening treatments, for example, flame hardening... 

This question points out the importance of the choice of the hardening treatment depending upon the aimed application. Hence it has been shown by Vincent et al. [1] (figure 1) that, for a nitrided steel, the rolling contact fatigue endurance limit of the material strongly depends upon the equivalent radius of contacting bodies because of the evolution of the maximum stress depth compared with a fixed micro-yield stress profile, linked to the material. 

---