Halogens Group phosphorus compounds with

Paritosh, D. R. et al Chem. Abs., 1994, 121, 35869j U.S. Pat. Appl. 42,229 Paritosh, D. R. etal., Phosphorus, Sulfur, Silicon Relat. Elem., 1994, 90(1-4), 175 This and several other compounds with fewer nitro groups and partial replacement of the spiro rings by halogen are patented as explosives. 

To investigate such reactions further, various substituted, phosphorus-rich silylphosphanes are needed as starting compounds. The following investigations aim at the preparation of phosphorus functional tri- and tetraphosphanes, in which particular phosphorus atoms with reactive substituents (H, Li, halogen, SiMe3) are built in, while other phosphorus atoms with equally defined positions remain blocked by alkyl groups. 

The simplest or lowest member of the fatly acid series is formic acid, HCOOH. followed by acetic acid, CHiCOOH. propionic acid with three carbons, butyric acid with four carbons, valeric acid with five carbons, and upward to palmitic acid with sixteen carbons, stearic acid with eighteen carbons and melissic acid with thirty carbons. Fatty acids are considered to be the oxidation product of saturated primary alcohols. These acids are stable, being very difficult [with the exception of formic acid) to convert to simpler compounds they easily undergo double decomposition because of the carboxyl group they combine with alcohols to form esters and water they yield halogen-subslitulion products they convert to acid chlorides when reacted with phosphorus pcntachloridc and Iheir acidic qualities decrease as their formula weight increases. 

Suitable methods for linking a phosphorus—nitrogen bond to the aziridine ring are the aminolysis of halogenated phosphorus compounds (2,280—282), the transamination of phosphoramines with excess aziridine (283), the reaction with phosphites (284) and phosphoramidites (285) which have a free OH group, or the reaction of phosphines with aziridines and carbon tetrachloride (286). 

Returning to the statistics for dipole moment in Table 6.8, the group of 265 compounds containing oxygen (but no other heteroatom except halogen) shows the lowest correlations between the semiempirical methods and B3LYP (AMI R2 = 0.776, PM3 R2 = 0.701, PM5 R2 = 0.726) except for PM5 with a still slightly lower R2 value for the 42 compounds with phosphorus or sulfur atoms or both (0.716). Moreover, with both AMI and PM3 the 276 non-aromatic compounds yield lower correlation coefficients than the 331 aromatic compounds (AMI 0.763 vs. 0.859, PM3 0.731 vs. 0.801). 

Hydrolysis, a reaction that typically occurs in the subsurface abiotically, is a substitution reaction in which a compound (RX) reacts with water. In the reaction, the substituent (X) on the compound, which can be a halogen, sulfur, phosphorus or nitrogen, is replaced with a hydroxyl (OH ) group as shown below [25] ... 

The reaction reaches equilibrium rapidly if the hydroxyl group is attached to a reactive radical, as in tertiary alcohols. In such cases, excess of the halogen acid is shaken with the alcohol, and the mono-halogen compound is separated. With primary and secondary alcohols, equilibrium is reached more slowly, and a catalyst (such as zinc chloride in the case of hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid in the case of hydrobromic acid) is used. On account of its cost, hy-driodic acid is not used, but iodine and phosphorus, which react as follows ... 

The more energetic action of the phosphorus halides may also be perceived in the fact that phenol hydroxyl groups can be replaced by a halogen, by the use of the phosphorus compounds, which, as mentioned above, is impossible with the halogen hydracids, eg. ... 

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