Hague Conference

Von Knieriem s note on the Hague conference with Howard stated ... 

Q. Did you know that the Circuit Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, in its decision of 22 September 1947, stated "On the witness stand, Howard, testifying on the Hague conferences, was in the opinion of this court not a credible witness." Did you know that ... 

The Hague Conference did not prevent some nations from discussing the use of chemical weapons, and at least one country, France, experimented publicly with gas. The French Army tested a grenade filled with... 

Patents granted by the European Patent Office in Munich and in The Hague confer on its proprietors the same rights as a national patent. Since the contracting countries have adapted their national laws, only one examination process takes place and only one common certificate is issued. Applications filed under the PCT system may also designate EPO countries. 

An International Congress revises the original Geneva Convention of 1864, expanding it to include protection of the war wounded at sea as approved by a Hague conference of 1899. 

As said already, chemical warfare has a long, if patchy, history and was waged on a large scale for the first time during WWI. It is, therefore, remarkable that efforts to prevent the use of chemicals in warfare were made before, albeit not very long before, WWI. The first Hague Conference held in 1899 formulated a resolution stating ... 

The Second Hague Conference of 1907 attempted to codify what were regarded as a number of unwritten rules of warfare, although chemical warfare, in the modern sense, was not considered. Article XXIII of the 1907 Hague Convention regarding Laws and Customs of War on Land deals with a closely related issue ... 

Such a deduction is supported by a US State Department opinion given at the time of the First Hague Conference ... 

US State Department (1937). Statement regarding the First Hague Conference, 1899. In Chemicals in War (AM Prentiss, ed.), p. 685. New York McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc. 

Asphyxiating or deleterious gases were baimed by the First Hague Conference in 1899. In spite of this prohibition, the Germans plaimed to use chemical weapons prior to the start of World War I. In that war, the Germans first used Bromlost (dibromoethyl sulfide) on the Russian front. The effort was a failure because the cold weather kept the agent from vaporizing. 

See the summary of the 2nd meeting of the First Sub-Commission of the Second Commission of the 1899 Hague Conference, in Conference Report 1899, p. 444. 

Conference Report (1907) Report to the 1907 Hague conference. The proceedings of the Hague conferences. The conference of 1907 Vol. I. Prepared in the division of international law of the Carnegie endowment for international peace under the supervision of James Brown Scott. Oxford University Press, New York 1921... 

ICTY Pmsecutor v Tadic Trial Chamber, 7 May 1997, para 562. See also ILA Hague Conference (2010), p. 28. 

ICRC Customary International Humanitarian Law Study (2005) n.A Hague Conference, Final Report on the Meaning of Armed Conflict in International Law, Committee on the Use of Force 2010... 

Emphasis added. Article 23 (a) and (2), Hague Conference of 1899, II Convention, found in Russel H. Ewing, The Legality of Chemical Warfare, The American Law Review 61 (January-February 1927) p. 62. 

Early Twentieth Century Negotiations The Hague Conferences The Washington Arms Conference The 1925 Geneva Protocol... 

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