Haemopoietic cells

Most of these haemopoietic growth factors are glycoproteins, displaying a molecular mass in the region of 14-24 kDa. Most are produced by more than one cell type, and several such regulators can stimulate proliferation of any one haemopoietic cell lineage. This is due to the presence of receptors for several such factors on their surface. Receptor numbers for any one growth factor are low (less than 500 per cell), and proliferation can be stimulated even when only a small proportion of these are occupied. 

The interleukin family of cytokines has been overviewed in Chapter 9, and a number of cytokines are known to influence haemopoiesis. The IL-3 receptor, for example, is found on a wide variety of progenitor haemopoietic cells, and appears to stimulate not only CFU-GEMM, but also the precursor cells of basophils, eosinophils and platelets. The role of IL-11, which also plays a role, was also discussed in Chapter 9. 

The various cell types are distributed differently within various types of connective tissue fibroblasts often found lying close to collagen fibres, whilst macrophages and mast cells usually appear in clusters around blood vessels. Additionally, whereas fibroblasts are widespread, macrophages are absent from some types of connective tissue, tendons for example. Specialized cells also occur within particular locations for example osteoblasts and osteoclasts (bone), chondrocytes (cartilage), adipocytes (fat tissue) and haemopoietic cells (bone marrow). 

Dexter, T., Allen, T. and Lajtha, L. (1977) Conditions controlling the prohferation of haemopoietic cells in vitro, J Cell Physiol 91, 335-344. 

V7. Vaux, D. L., Cory, S., and Adams, J. M., Bcl-2 gene promotes haemopoietic cell survival and cooperates with c-myc to immortalize pre-B cells. Nature 335, 440-442 (1988). 

Colony stimulating factors Mainly haemopoietic cells... 

Rodnguez-Tarduchy, G., Collins, M, and Lopez-Rivas, A (1990) Regulation of apoptosis in mterleukin-3-dependent haemopoietic cells by mterleukm-3 and calcium lonophores EMBO J 9, 2997-3002... 

Ormerod, M. G, Collins, M K L., Rodnguez-Tarduchy, G, and Robertson, D (1992) Apoptosis m interleukin 3-dependent haemopoietic cells J Immunol. Methods 153, 57-65... 

Metcalf D. The molecular control of cell division, differentiation commitment and maturation in haemopoietic cells. Nature 1989, 339, 27-30. 

Graham SM, Vass JK, Holyoake TL et al. Transcriptional analysis of quiescent and proliferating CD34 human haemopoietic cells from normal and CML sources. Stem Cells 2007 25(12) 3111-20. 

Metcalf D and Moore MA (1971). Haemopoietic cells. In Frontiers in Biology, Volume 24 (Neuberger A Tatum EL, eds), pp. 172-271. Amsterdam, The Netherlands North-Holland. 

Metcalf, D. and Moore, M.A.S. (1971) Embryonic aspects of haemopoiesis. In A. Neuberger and E.L. Tatum (Eds.), Haemopoietic Cells, North-Holland, Amsterdam, pp. 70-271. 

Donaldson C, Denning-Kendall P, Bradley B, et al. (2001). The CD34(-l-)CD38(neg) population is significantly increased in haemopoietic cell expansion cultures in serum-free compared to serum-replete conditions dissociation of phenotype and function. Bone Marrow Trans. 27 365-371. 

Reipert, S., Reipert, B. M., and Allen, T. D. (1994). Preparation of isolated nuclei from K562 haemopoietic cell line for high resolution scanning electron microscopy. Microsc. Res. Tech. 29, 54-61. 

Folate is critical in maintainmg normal cell growth and division. The deficiency is related to the premature death of many haemopoietic cells in the bone marrow. Folate is an essential factor in the DNA synthesis, DNA CG methylation as well as in the DNA repair. 

Watson, G.E., Lorimore, S.A., Wright, E.G., 1996. Long-term in vivo transmission of a-particle-induced chromosomal instability in murine haemopoietic cells. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 69, 175-182. 

Dexter TM, Allen TD, Lajtha LG, Schofield R, Lord BI. 1973. Stimulation of differentiation and proliferation of haemopoietic cells in vitro. J Cell Physiol 82(3) 461-73. 

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