Gynoecium

Pollination provides the primary signal that elicits expression of gynoecium-... 

Flowers in dense involucrate heads gynoecium of two or rarely three united carpels, unilocular seed one.Order Compositales... 

Carpels superior, free or only slightly united at the base, or gynoecium reduced to one carpel with one stigma, or if syncarpous then small herbs with spikelike racemes of small ebracteate flowers, or aquatics with inferior unisexual flowers with ovules spread all over the inner surface of the ovary. 

Hypogynous Having flower parts inserted upon the torus or receptacle below the gynoecium and free from it. 

Ovary An enlarged portion of the pistil or gynoecium containing ovules the egg producing organs of animals. 

Gyn ophore.—An upgrowth of the receptac e between gynoecium and andrce-cium as in Geum. 

Introrse. —Applied to anthers that face toward the gynoecium. 

Perig jmous.—Applied to stamens and petals when they are adherent to the calyrx throat, and so borne around the gynoecium. 

Fruits may also be classified into a number of structural types. The individual seed-bearing structures of the flower called carpels constitute the gynoecium. The seed-containing cavity of a carpel is called the ovary, and its wall develops into the pericarp of the fruit. The edible fleshy part of a fruit most commonly develops from the ovary wall, but it may be also derived from the enlarged tip of stem from which floral organs arise, and sometimes leaf-like structures protecting the flowers may also become fleshy, e.g., in pineapple. 

For example, Jarvis has noticed that the materials concentrate in the gynoecium of the plants and, it appears, there may be a concentration of the trichothecenes in the seeds against a gradient. If this is so then it is possible to understand why the offspring may meet with little competition from other plant species in their natural habitat. But, more importantly, if other economic plants are resistant to the trichothecenes or may be so engineered, and if the same... 

The gynoecium consists of the stigma, the style, and the ovary. Depending on the species, the gynoernum of a flower may consist of one, several. 

Note added in proof. Mascarenhas and Machlis, in a paper submitted for publication to Nature, present evidence that calcium simulates the effects of ovules on the chemotropic growth of the pollen of snapdragon. The chemotropic response was obtained with a variety of calcium salts but not with salts of other di- and monovalent cations, i.e.. Mg, Ba, Sr, Na, and K. They also show that the highest concentration of calcium in the gynoecium of snapdragon is in the ovules. Calcium was also found to direct the growth of Narcissus pseudonarciaaus and Olivia miniata. 

Meyen, S. V. (1988). Origin of the angiosperm gynoecium by gamoheterotopy. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 97,171-178. 

Endress, P. K. and Igersheim, A. (1997). Gynoecium diversity and systematics of the Laurales. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 125,93-168. 

P. J. (2006). Evolution of the monocot gynoecium evidence from comparative morphology and development in Tofieldia, JaponoUrion, Petrosavia, and Narthecium. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 258,183-209. 

Linder, H. P. and Rudall, P. J. (2009). Morphology and development of the gynoecium in Centrolepidaceae the most remarkable range of variation in... 

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