Guppy

AH of the propylene glycols are considered to be practically nontoxic to fish on an acute basis (LC q < 100 mg/L) and practically nontoxic to aquatic invertebrates, also on an acute basis. Acute marine toxicology testing (38) on propylene glycol showed that the 96-h LC q for fathead minnows was 54,900 mg/L and the 48-h LC q for Daphnia magna was 34,400 mg/L. A 24-h NOEL of 50,000 mg/L was also observed for fingerling trout. Similar results were observed for guppies and rainbow trout (39). 

Wester PW, Canton JH (1987) Histopathological study of Poecilia reticulata (guppy) after long-term exposure to bis(tri-/7-butyltin)oxide (TBTO) and di-n-butyltindichloride (DBTC). 

The effects of EDCs on behavior in fish have been more extensively studied than in birds. Examples of the effects of EDCs seen in fish include profound alterations in courtship behavior in male guppies (Poecilia reticulate) exposed to vinclozolin and DDE, including at environmentally relevant concentrations (Baatrup and Junge 2001) and altered courtship behavior in three-spined stickleback exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of EE2 (Bell 2001). In the stickleback studies, exposed males became less aggressive and had a reduced nesting activity, and this was linked with reduced concentrations of the male sex androgen 11-ketotestosterone. Recently,... 

Baatrup, E. and Junge, M. (2001). Antiandrogenic pesticides disrupt sexual characteristics in the adult male guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Environmental Health Perspectives 109, 1063-1070. 

Powell, A. M. and Guppy, C. S. 1988b. Evolutionary considerations based on... 

It is assumed that in order to have vitamin A activity a molecule must have essentially one-half of its structure similar to that of (i-carotene with an added molecule of water at the end of the lateral polyene chain. Thus, P-carotene is a potent provitamin A to which 100% activity is assigned. An unsubstituted p ring with a Cii polyene chain is the minimum requirement for vitamin A activity. y-Car-otene, a-carotene, P-cryptoxanthin, a-cryptoxanthin, and P-carotene-5,6-epoxide aU have single unsubstimted rings. Recently it has been shown that astaxanthin can be converted to zeaxanthin in trout if the fish has sufficient vitamin A. Vitiated astaxanthin was converted to retinol in strips of duodenum or inverted sacks of trout intestines. Astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, and zeaxanthin can be converted to vitamin A and A2 in guppies. ... 

Pre-exposure to the organophosphate diazinon at exposures half the LC50 values increased the LC50 value by a factor of about five for guppy (Poecilia reticulata), but had no effect on the value for zebra fish (Brachydanio rerio). This was consistent with the observation that during pre-exposure of guppy there was a marked inhibition in the synthesis of the toxic metabolites diazoxon and pyrimidinol, whereas this did not occur with zebra fish in which the toxicity was mediated primarily by the parent compound (Keizer et al. 1993). 

Keizer J, G d Agostino, R Nagel, F Gramenzi, L Vittozzi (1993) Comparative diazinon toxicity in guppy and zebra fish different role of oxidative metabolism. Environ Toxicol Chem 12 1243-1250. 

Usually aquatic toxicity of chemicals with general narcosis mechanism of action is described by the octanol/water partition coefficient [73]. However, log is a composite descriptor which has components of molecular volume and H-bond acceptor terms. Raevsky and Dearden [74] therefore used molecular polarizabihty (as a volume-related term) and the H-bond acceptor factor instead of log to model aquatic toxicity (log LC50) to the guppy for 90 chemicals with general narcosis mechanisms. This excellent correlation has statistical criteria better than that obtained for the same data using log Pofy, ... 

Pesticides Rabbits Goat Duck Pheasant Guppies... 

Grether, G. F., Hudon, J., and Millie, D. F. 1999. Carotenoid limitation of sexual coloration along an environmental gradient in guppies. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 266 1317-1322. 

Konemann, H., van Leeuewen, K. (1980) Toxicokinetics in fish accumulation of six chloro-benzenes by guppies. Chemosphere 9, 3-19. 

Biota t,/2 = 2.3 d (female guppies, Opperhuizen et al. 1985, quoted, Crookes Howe 1993)... 

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