Gunn rat

McDonald, J. W., Shapiro, S. M., Silverstein, F. S. and Johnston, M. V. Role of glutamate receptor-mediated exci-totoxicity in bilirubin-induced brain injury in the Gunn rat model. Exp Neurol. 150 21-29,1998. 

Briggs D, Calder I, Woods R, Tange J The influence of metabolic variation on analgesic nephrotoxicity. Experiments with the Gunn rat. Pathology 14 349, 1982... 

Bll. Bernstein, L. H., Ben Ezzer, J., Gartner, L., and Arias, I. M., Hepatic intracellular distribution of tritium-labelled unconjugated and conjugated bilirubin in normal and Gunn rats. J. Clin. Invest. 45, 1194-1201 (1966). 

Thunberg, T., and Hakansson, H. (1983). Vitamin A (retinol) status in the Gunn rat. The effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Arch. Toxicol. 53,225-233. 

Chowdhury, N.R., Hays, R.M., Bommineni, V.R., Franki, N., Chowdhury, J.R., Wu, C.H. and Wu, G.Y. (1996) Microtubular disruption prolongs the expression of human bilirubin-uridinediphosphoglucuronate glucuronyltransferase-1 gene transferred into Gunn rat livers. J. Biol Chem., 271, 2341-2346. 

ColUns WT, Capen CC. 1980b. Biliary excretion of I-thyroxine and fine structural alterations in the thyroid glands of Gunn rats fed polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB). Lab Invest 43 158-164. 

Nguyen, T. H., Birraux, J., Wildhaber, B., Myara, A., Trivin, F., Le Coultre, C., Trono, D., and Chardot, C. (2006) Ex vivo lentivirus transduction and immediate transplantation of uncultured hepatocytes for treating hyperbilirubinemic Gunn rat. Transplantation 82 (6), 794-803. 

Li, Q., Murphree, S. S., Wilier, S. S., Bolli, R., and French, B. A. (1998) Gene therapy with bilirubin-UDP-glucuronosyltransferase in the Gunn rat model of Crigler-Najjar syndrome type 1. Hum. Gene Ther. 9 (4), 497-505. 

Calvey, T.N., Somani, S.M., and Wright, A., Differences between the biliary excretion of tri[ C]methyl-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)ammonium iodide in Wistar and Gunn rats, Biochem. J., 119, 659, 1970. 

To determine the effectiveness of the immobilized enzyme in blood, a column containing 5 g of agarose with the active enzyme was tested. Control columns contained the same amount of either untreated agarose or agarose containing denatured bilirubin oxidase. For the experiments in vivo, Gunn rats on lipid-free or regular diets were used. For the experiments in vitro, a blood reservoir of human umbilical-cord blood was used. 

Recently it was discovered that oral administration of this bilirubin oxidase preparation can prevent bilirubin absorption in jaundiced Gunn rats. 

Fox I J, Chowdhury N R, Gupta S, et al. (1995). Conditional immortalization of Gunn rat hepatocytes an ex vivo model for evaluating methods for bilirubin-UDP-glucuro-nosyltransferase gene transfer. Hepatol. 21 837-846. 

Maternal xenobiotic metabolism plays an important role in determining how much xenobiotic reaches the embryo and fetus, and hence can modulate developmental toxicity due to either receptor- or reactive intermediate-mediated mechanisms. For example, pregnant Gunn rats with low UGT activity exhibit decreased glucuronidation of benzo[a]pyrene metabolites and a three-fold increase in fetal resorptions (in utero death) (Wells et al. 2004). 

We found that artificial cells containing hepatocytes increased the survival time of fulminant hepatic failure rats. Xenografts of rat hepatocytes in artificial cells were not immunorejected in mice. Instead, the viability of the enclosed liver cells increased after intraperitoneal implantation. This was because the hepatotrophic factor secreted by the encapsulated hepatocytes accumulates in the artificial cells. ° After implanfafion, hepatocytes in artificial cells can lower the high bilirubin level in the Gunn rats. Reports by another group also support this finding. ... 

Bruni, S., Chang, T.M.S. Hepatoeytes immobilised by microencapsulation in artificial cells Effects on hyperbilirubinemia in gunn rats. J. Biomater. Artif. Cells Artif. Organs 1989,17 (4), 403-411. 

Dixit, V., Darvasi, R., Arthur, M., Brezina, M., Lewin, K., Gitnick, G. Restoration of liver function in Gunn rats without immunosuppression using transplanted microencapsulated hepatoeytes. Hepatology 1990,12 (6), 1342-1349. 

This chapter examines various aspects of bilirubin encephalopathy including bilirubin metabolism, bilirubin toxicity, in-vivo studies and studies in Gunn rats, human studies, and treatment modalities. 

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