Guidelines for Scaling

Guidelines for scale-up of basic separation and purification techniques... 

S.4. Guidelines for scale-up of semibatch reactors for fast homogeneous reactions in the absence of data on chemical kinetics and on the distribution of energy dissipation in the reaction zone... 

Separations for removing undesirable by-products and impurities, and making suprapure fine chemicals constitute a major fraction of the production costs. There is an enormous variety of methods for product separation and purification and many books on the subject have been published. Here, we deal with the problem in a very general way and we refer the reader to advanced books for details. Conventional techniques for product isolation and purification, such as fractional distillation, extraction, and crystallization, still predominate. Some guidelines for scale-up of these techniques and producing experimental data for scale-up are given in Chapter 5. More information on specific separation and purification techniques applied to particular problems of fine chemicals manufacture the reader can find in Chapter 6. 

Riffino, C. B. Guideline for scale-up of dried filled capsules and tablets. AstraZeneca (Stuart) Pharmaceuticals Internal Document, Feb. 17, 1978. 

FDA guidelines for Scale-up and Postapproval Changes (SUPAC) and changes to an approved NDA or ANDA. 

Table 3 gives a summary of practical guidelines for scale-up of coalescing and noncoalescing systems. 

Table 3 Guidelines for scale-up of liquid-liquid stirred vessels...

Simple Guidelines for Scale-Up of Mixing-Sensitive Homogenous Reactions... 

Applications are also encouraged for fixed-dose combinations of any first-line ARV regimens as described in the WHO Guidelines for Scaling Up Antiretroviral Therapy in Resource Umited Settings - 2003 Revision. For further information please consult ... 

Regulatory guidelines for scale-up and postapproval changes (SUPAC) IR were released in 1995 (137) and are discussed in another chapter of this book. 

Table 12-9 Guidelines for Scale-up of General Purpose Liquid-Liquid Stirred Vessels...

Below, physical principles of basic separation and purification techniques are given and guidelines concerning collection of data that are needed or useful for scale-up of these unit operations. 

Figure 6-24 Sachs-scaled overpressure and Sachs-scaled positive-phase duration for the TNO multi-energy blast model. Source Guidelines for Evaluating the Characteristics of Vapor Cloud Explosions, Flash Fires, and BLEVEs (New York American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 1994) used by permission.

Jolly, I., Christen, E., Gilfedder, M., Leaney, F., Trewhella, B., Walker, G. On-farm and community-scale salt disposal basins on the Riverine Plain Guidelines for basin use. CRC for Catchment Hydrology, Clayton (2000)... 

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