Unstable growth

Bubbles can grow to on the order of a meter in diameter in Group B powders in large beds. The maximum stable bubble size is limited by the size of the vessel or the stabiUty of the bubble itself. In large fluidized beds, the limit to bubble growth occurs when the roof of the bubble becomes unstable and the bubble spHts. EmpidcaHy, it has been found that the maximum stable bubble size may be calculated for Group A particles from... 

Liquid viscosity generally produces adverse effects on drop size. It increases the initial film thickness and hinders the growth of unstable waves. 

Metastable growth of diamond takes place from gases rich in carbon and hydrogen at low pressures where diamond would appear to be thermodynamically unstable. The subject has a long history, beginning with work in the United States and Russia as early as 1962 (30—32) but not achieving widespread interest and acceptance until about 1986 after successful work in Japan. 

In most cases, artificial destratification is carried out throughout the summer. However, work in the Lund Tubes in Blelham Tarn suggests that intermittent destratification could provide further enhancement to this method of control by creating an unstable environment. This instability causes disruption of growth patterns of the algal community and, consequently, no species becomes dominant. 

The study of ultra-thin Fe thin films on Cu(OOl) substrate has attracted a lot of interest in the past. This is due to the abundance of interesting phenomena associated with this system. Due to the small epitaxial misfit a good layer by layer growth is expected stabilizing the film in a structure related to the fee phase of bulk Fe which is otherwise unstable at low temperatures It also become a test system for magnetic measurements. 

The air-mass thunderstorm is the least severe of all thunderstorms. In its simplest form, an air-mass thunderstorm grows as a single cell when solar radiation heats the surface air in an unstable atmosphere. Its life cycle lasts around 30 minutes. Towering cumulus clouds are formed as in-cloud updrafts push moisture upward. The tower may reach a height about five times the diameter of the cloud base in the growth phase. 

Consider two random initial configurations that differ at only one site, so that H t = 0) = 1. The difference plots shown in figure 3.16 suggest that for class cl and c2 rules, H t) rapidly approaches some small fixed value. Class c3 rules, on the other hand, are unstable with respect to such small perturbations H t) generally grows with time. The rate of growth of H t) depends on whether the rules are additive or nonadditive. 

The multi-stream multi-stage system is a valuable means for obtaining steady-state growth when, in a simple chemostat, the steady-state is unstable eg when the growth-limiting substrate is also a growth inhibitor. This system can also be used to achieve stable conditions with maximum growth rate, an achievement that is impossible in a simple chemostat (substrate-limited continuous culture). 

---