Growth inhibitory factor

The recently identified brain-specific isoform of metallothionein, MT-III (neuronal growth inhibitory factor, GIF), has been linked with its potential role in neurophysiological and neuromodulatory functions (484). The human form of MT-III contains 68 amino acids with a 70% sequence (Fig. 23) similarity to other mammalian MTs and a... 

Other cells Lymphotoxin, growth inhibitory factors, osteoclast activating factor (OAF)... 

Interaction with metallothionein is the basis for metabolic interactions between these metals. Metallothionein III is found in the human brain and differs from I and II by having six glutamic acid residues near the terminal part of the protein. Metallothionein III is thought to be a growth inhibitory factor, and its expression is not controlled by metals however, it does bind zinc. Another proposed role for metallothionein III is participation in the utilization of zinc as a neuromodulator, since metallothionein III is present in the neurons that store zinc in their terminal vesicles. Metallothionein IV occurs during differentiation of stratified squamous epithelium, but it is known to have a role in the absorption or toxicity of cadmium. 

R570 M. Vasak, D. W. Hasler and P. Faller, Metal-Thiolate Clusters in Neuronal Growth Inhibitory Factor (GIF) , J. Inorg. Biochem., 2000, 79,7... 

UCHIDA Y (1994) Growth inhibitory factor, metallo-thionein-like protein, and neurodegenerative diseases. Biol Signals 3 211-215. 

Palmiter RD, Eindley SD, Whitmore TE et al (1992) MT-III, a brain-specific member of the metallothionein gene family. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89 6333-6337 Oz G, Zangger K, Armitage IM (2001) Three-dimensional stmcture and dynamics of a brain specific growth inhibitory factor metallothionein-3. Biochemistry 40 11433-11441 Blindauer CA (2008) Metallothioneins with unusual residues histidines as modulators of zinc affinity and reactivity. J Inorg Biochem 102 507-521... 

Rusishvili, L. Giorgobiani, N., Dzidziguri, D., Tumanishvih, G. Comparative analysis of cardiomiocyte growth-inhibitory factor in animals of different classes. Proc. Georgian Acad. Sci., Biol. Ser. B, 1(1-2), 42 5,2003. 

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