Grouting consolidation

During a 4-month period, over 400,000 gal of grout were placed in about 29,000 linear feet of grout holes, about 15% in cutoff walls and the rest in general consolidation of the solutioned zones. Immediate checks could be made on the effectiveness of the cutoff, and they were all positive. No foundation problems have occurred in the grouted zone. 

The movement of the slurry and the water in the pores during the grouting process, is the results of the slurry and water (two fluid) which are reflected under the force of the inertial force and pressure as well as the viscous force, gravity and other consolidated. Direct impact on the flow of force is the inertia force, the inertial force and the active force interaction mutual constraints... 

Consolidation grouting is usually shallow, the holes seldom extending more than 10 m. It is intended to improve jointed rock by increasing its strength and reducing its permeability. Consolidation grouting in the foundation area increases the bearing capacity... 

Ferragni, D., Forti, M., MalUet, J., Mora, P., et al. (1984). Injection grouting of mural paintings and mosaics. In N. S. Brommelle (Ed.), Adhesives and consolidants, Paris Congress, 2-8 September 1984. International Institute for Conservation, 110-116. 

The technique of the consolidation with injection of grouts was at first well known in geotechnical and concrete engineering. Later, it was... 

An example of application with mixed-type binding system constitutes the consolidation of masonry element of the Byzantine Church Acheiropoietos (dated firom the seventh century AD) by grouting in the 1990s with the following mixmre. The choice of the binding system was based on the experimental study of materials and trial mixtures. 

In the past, many failures occurred cOTiceming mainly side effects due to invasive retrofitting interventions on the MHS ensembles. The current evolution in this field focuses on the development of compatible grouts, fiowable mortars, and repointing mortars for irreversible type consolidation of the mass of the masonry corpus. Besides, steel and other fiber reinforcement bonded on the surface of masonry with materials of polymeric- or cement-based matrix are used as reversible interventions. 

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