Ground water, contamination from

Oliveira DP, Sitar N. 1985. Ground water contamination from underground solvent storage tanks, Santa Clara, California. In Proceedings of the Fifth National Symposium on Aquifer Restoration and Ground Water Monitoring, 691- 708. 

Water pollution from boiler operations (thermal pollution), surface or ground-water contamination from mining of coal and limestone... 

This volume explores all aspects of the factors that impinge on ground water contamination from agriculturally applied pesticides. Although only pesticide contamination is dealt with in this volume, the principles examined apply to all xenobiotics and natural substances that can reach our ground waters. 

The pathway for the degradation of metribuzin that has been used as a herbicide has been established, and attention has been directed to the occurrence of the metabolites in leachate from agricultural soil in Denmark. Although the parent metribuzin was not found, the metabolites produced by loss of the N-amino group and the thiomethyl groups were produced and contributed to ground-water contamination (Kjaer et al. 2005). 

Arsenic and Fe are being released from mine water emanating from the No. 5 adit of the Maude Mine, and from surface and ground water draining from variably oxidized sulfidic tailings. From both a rinking water and ecosystem perspective this As contaminates Glen Wills Creek. 

It is not surprising that the data produced as total petroleum hydrocarbons (EPA 418.1) suffer from several shortcomings as an index of potential ground-water contamination or health risk. In fact, it does not actually measure the total petroleum hydrocarbons in the sample but rather, measures a specific range of hydrocarbon compounds. This is caused by limitations of the extraction process (solvents used and the concentration steps) and the reference standards used for instrumental analysis. The method specifically states that it does not accurately measure the lighter fractions of gasoline [benzene-toluene-ethylbenzene-xylenes fraction (BTEX)], which should include the benzene-toluene-ethylbenzene-xylenes fraction. Further, the method was originally a method for water samples that has been modified for solids, and it is subject to bias. 

Mushrush G, Mose D, Sullivan K. 1994. Soil vapor and ground water analysis from a recent oil spill. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 52(1) 31. 

Chromium is a common anthropogenic contaminant in surface waters, therefore Cr isotope fractionations are of potential interest in tracking Cr + pollution in groundwaters. Ellis et al. (2002, 2004)) and Izbicki et al. (2008) analyzed ground-water samples from contaminated sites and observed an increase in Cr/ Cr ratios up to 6%c during the reduction of chromate. Equilibrium fractionations between Cr(VI) and Cr (III) have been estimated by Schauble et al. (2002), who predicted Cr isotope fractionations >l%c between Cr species with different oxidation states. 

The theme of the Workshop was multidisciplinary methods of characterizing contaminated sites using modem geochemistry with examples from different countries in Europe, North America, and Asia. Special themes included soil, surface, and ground waters contamination, environment pollution, and human health, and data interpretation and management. 

In a different field of study, namely physics, Macdonald [41 ] successfully applied the Nonlinear Least Squares (NLS) method to invert a ID pure diffusion problem. He applied the method to recover a number of Dirac-delta sources with large measurement errors in the data. Alapati and Kabala [2] employed the NLS method without regularization to recover the release history of a ground-water contaminant plume from its current measured spatial distribution. The closed form solution of Eq. (2) subject to Eqs. (3-5) is [34] ... 

U.S. and one industrial waste water treatment in Spain. Engineering scale field experiments have been conducted by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) treating ground water contaminated with trichloroethylene (TCE) [253]. This field system consisted of 158 m2 of parabolic trough reactors and used De-gussa P25 particles (0.1%) as the photocatalyst in a slurry flow configuration. With this relatively low titanium dioxide content the TCE concentration was reduced from 200 ppb to less than 5 ppb. 

This report concerns a further examination of the orchard as a source by which the environment is contaminated with pesticides. The investigation extended to the sub-soil regions of the orchards, the ground water moving from the orchard, and the surface soil of the adjacent waste land areas. DDT was chosen for the study because of its stability and continuous use in orchards. 

Zoeteman, B.C.J., De Greef, E., Brinkmann, F.J.J. (1981) Persistency of organic contaminants in ground water, lessons from soil pollution incidents in The Netherlands. Chemosphere 21, 187-202. 

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