Ground symbol

To run a circuit on PSpice, you must have at least one ground connection in your circuit. To ground your circuit, you must place a symbol called 0 (the number zero). There are three ways to place ground symbols ... 

Capture has many ground symbols available for schematic drawing purposes. Only the 0/SOURCE ground can be used for PSpice simulations. Select the 0/SOURCE part ... 

Click the OK button to accept the part. The ground symbol will appear attached to the mouse pointer ... 

Note that the ground symbol moves with the mouse. Move the ground symbol as shown below ... 

Since we do not need any more ground symbols, press the ESC key to terminate drawing ground symbols. 

You must now connect the ground symbol to the circuit by connecting a wire from the ground to the circuit. Press the W key to start drawing wires and wire the circuit as shown below. To stop drawing wires, press the ESC key. 

To fix this problem, delete the ground symbol in your schematic and place the O/SOURCE part in your schematic to ground it. The solution is shown below ... 

Note that the correct ground symbol displays the number 0 on the schematic. To place this ground, select Place and then Ground from the menus, and then select the 0/source part. 

Macken, E., Perry, J., and Haas, C. (1993). Richly grounded symbols in ASL. Sign Language Studies, 81, 375-394. 

PE ground is isolated, connection secure, and PE ground symbol adjacent to stud PE symbol (one), other grounds, metal end grd d gm/yel wire for safety grd s, other ... 

Figure 8.18 Driven right leg (RL) circuit for reduced common mode voltage. Differential preamplifier. Input equipped with three-wire connections for two PU electrodes and one RL drive wire. The purpose is to equipotentialize human body and instrument and to reduce the common voltage between electrodes. Note power line ground symbol. See text.

There is one further addition to fhe sfafe symbolism fhaf we have nof mentioned so far. This is fhe superscripf o as in fhe ground sfafe of boron, 7 1/2 The symbol implies fhaf fhe arifhmefic sum for all fhe elecfrons in fhe atoms is an odd number, f in fhis case. When fhere is no such superscripf fhis implies fhaf fhe sum is an even number for example if is 4 in fhe case of oxygen. 

Fig. 13. (a) The CMOS inverter circuit. The FET circuit symbols emphasize that MOSFETs are actually four-terminal devices in which the / -substrate is connected to for the PFET and the -substrate is connected to the ground for the NFET. Note the conventions on drain location for the PFET and NFET. (b) Corresponding cross-sectional view roughly to scale for a 2-p.m CMOS process, where Hrepresents siUcon, Si02, polysiUcon, and ... 

The main output is shown in Figure 11.16. The energy of the ground state is given, together with the one-electron symbolic density matrix . 

Give the symbol of the element of lowest atomic number whose ground state has... 

The atomic numbers (Z), electronic configurations, and numbers of unpaired electrons for five ions are listed in the following table. Assume that all unpaired electrons have parallel spins. Indicate the element symbol, charge, and energy state (that is, ground state or excited state) for each of the five cases. 

Configuration interaction, which is necessary in treatments of excited states and desirable in calculations of spin densities, is more complex with open-shell systems. This is because more types of configurations are formed by one-electron promotions. These configurations (Figure 5) are designated as A, B, Cq, C(3 G is the symbol for a ground state. Configurations C and Cp have the same orbital part but differ in the spin functions. 

Figure 63. Two-dimensional snapshots (y = 0) of wave packet on the ground So state. The symbol T means the time duration in fs. Taken from Ref. [47]. (See color insert.)...

Also, an alternative formulation of equation (17) can be conceived if one wants to distinguish between ground state, monoexcitations, biexcitations,. .. and so on. Such a possibility is symbolized in the following Cl wavefunction expression for n electrons, constructed as to include Slater determinants up to the p-th (pp) unoccupied ones l9klk=i,ni Then, the Cl wavefunction is written in this case as the linear combination ... 

Most complexes showing spin-state transitions are in fact of low symmetry. In order to describe their electronic structure it is convenient to employ term symbols appropriate to cubic symmetry and this practice will be followed below. The most common transition-metal ions for which spin-state transitions have been observed are Fe " (3d ), Fe " (3d ) and Co (3d ), a minor role being played by Co " (3d ), Mn " (3d ), as well as Cr " and Mn " (3d ). The relevant ground states for an octahedral disposition of the ligands are LS Ui,(t ,) and HS r2,(t ,e ) for iron(II), LS and HS Ai,(t, e ) for... 

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