Ground State Electron Configurations of Atoms

The prefix number designates the value of n. Each line in the diagram represents one energy level, each can accommodate two electrons of opposite spin. The ground state electron configuration of atoms can now be determined, if the total number of electrons is given. To get the state of minimum... 

Predict the ground state electronic configuration of atoms. 

The building-up principle in combination with the Pauli exclusion principle and Hund s rule accounts for the ground-state electron configurations of atoms. The principle is generally valid, but there are exceptions. 

Aufbau principle (9) The principle followed to construct ground-state electron configurations of atoms and monatomic ions. 

IV. Ground state electronic configurations of atoms and positive ions at arbitrary field strengths... 

IV GROUND STATE ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATIONS OF ATOMS AND POSITIVE IONS AT ARBITRARY FIELD STRENGTHS... 

The chemical properties of an atom are related primarily to the electron configuration of its ground state. Table 8.1 lists the experimentally determined ground-state electron configurations of atoms Z = 1 to Z = 36. (A complete table appears in Appendix D.)... 

We would normally write the electronic ground state electron configuration of a carbon atom as ls-2s 2p-. Despite the intellectual activity that has gone into defining mythical valence states for carbon atoms in different bonding situations, no one would include a d-orbital in the description of ground state carbon. 

The lowest-energy arrangement, or ground-state electron configuration, of an atom is a listing of the orbitals occupied by its electrons. We can predict this arrangement by following three rules. 

An atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by one or more negatively charged electrons. The electronic structure of an atom can be described by a quantum mechanical wave equation, in which electrons are considered to occupy orbitals around the nucleus. Different orbitals have different energy levels and different shapes. For example, s orbitals are spherical and p orbitals are dumbbell-shaped. The ground-state electron configuration of an... 

HOWTO PREDICT THE GROUND-STATE ELECTRON CONFIGURATION OF AN ATOM... 

This procedure gives the ground-state electron configuration of an atom. Any other arrangement corresponds to an excited state of the atom. Note that we can use the structure of the periodic table to predict the electron configurations of most elements once we realize which orbitals are being filled in each block of the periodic table (see Fig. 1.44). 

EXAMPLE i.io Sample exercise Predicting the ground-state electron configuration of a heavy atom... 

Predict the ground-state electron configuration of (a) a vanadium atom and (b) a lead atom. 

We account for the ground-state electron configuration of an atom by using the building-up principle in conjunction with Fig. 1.41, the Pauli exclusion principle, and Hund s rule. 

When N valence atomic orbitals overlap, they form N molecular orbitals. The ground-state electron configuration of a molecule is deduced by using the building-up principle to accommodate all the valence electrons in the available molecular orbitals. The bond order is the net number of bonds that hold the molecule together. 

The ground-state electron configurations of diatomic molecules are deduced by forming molecular orbitals from all the valence-sbell atomic orbitals of the two atoms and adding the valence electrons to the molecular orbitals in order of increasing energy, in accord ivith the building-up principle. 

A neutral helium atom has two electrons. To write the ground-state electron configuration of He, we apply the aufbau principle. One unique set of quantum numbers is assigned to each electron, moving from the most stable orbital upward until all electrons have been assigned. The most stable orbital is always ly( = l,/ = 0, JW/ = 0 ). 

Which is the ground state electronic configuration of neon (Ne), atomic number 10 ... 

Each atom has an infinite number of possible electronic configurations. We are here only eoneemed with the ground-state electronic configuration, which has the lowest energy. The ground-state electronic configuration of an atom can be determined by the following three principles. 

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