Groningen

If compaction occurs as a result of production careful monitoring is required. The Ekofisk Field in the Norwegian North Sea made headlines when, as a result of hydrocarbon production, the pores of the fine-grained carbonate reservoir collapsed and the platforms on the seabed started to sink. The situation was later remedied by inserting steel sections into the platform legs. Compaction effects are also an issue in the Groningen gas field in Holland where subsidence in the order of one meter is expected at the surface. 

BIOSON Research Institute and Dept of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands... 

A contribution from the Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute. 

Fig, 4. (a) Eigenvalues and distributions for the ct-carbon atoms in the 56-residue B l-domain of streptococcal protein G, from a 1 ns MD simulation in water (courtesy of Bort de Groot, Groningen). 

Fig. 6. Snapshot from a dynamic density functional simulation of the self-organisation of the block copolymer PL64 (containing 30 propylene oxide rmd 26 ethylene oxide units (EO)i3(PO)3o(EO)i3) in 70% aqueous solution. The simulation was carried out during 6250 time steps on a 64 x 64 x 64 grid (courtesy of B.A.C. van Vlimmeren and J.G.E.M. Praaije, Groningen).

W. F. van Gunsteren, H.J.C. Berend-sen, Groningen Molecular Simulation (CROMOS) Library Manual, Biomos, Nijenborgh 16, Groningen, The Netherlands, 1987. 

Filling of these cavities with a nonpolar molecules is enthalpy driven. See Diederich, F. Smithrud, D. B. Sanford, E. M. Wyman, T. B. Ferguson, S. B. Carcanague, D. R. Chao, I. Houk, K. N. Acta Chem. Scand. 1992, 46, 205 and references cited therein See (a) Blokzijl, W. Ph. D. Thesis, University of Groningen, 1991 (b) Streefland, L. Ph. D. TTzewis, University of Gronirigen, 1998 and references cited therein. 

I owe a lot to Federica Bertondn and Giovanni Boccaletti. During their stay as Erasmus students in Groningen they brought a little bit of Italy with them (I remember some very good meals). Also from a chemical point of view their stays were successful. The compounds prepared and purified by Federica are at the basis of the work described in this thesis. The work of Giovanni has paved the way to enantioselective Lewis-acid catalysis in water, which is perhaps the most significant result of this thesis. 

WE van Gunsteren, HJC Berendsen. GROMOS 86 Groningen Molecular Simulation Pi o-gram Package. University of Groningen, The Netherlands, 1986. 

GROMOS A general-purpose molecular dynamics computer simulation package for the study of biomolecules http //igc.ethz.ch/gromos/weicome.htmi GROMACS (GROningen MAchine for Chemical Simulations) http //rugmdO. chem. rug.ni/ gmx/... 

Department of Organic Chemistry, Groningen University, Zernikelaan, Groningen, The Netherlands. 

Department of Organic Chomiatry, Groningen Univereity, Groningen, The Ndtherlanda. 

Yokobori, T. P. 1965 Strength, Fracture and Fatigue of Materials. Groningen Holland Noordhoff. 

N. I. Muskhelishvili, Some Basic Problems of the Mathematical Theory of Elasticity, P. Noordhoff, Groningen, The Netherlands, 1953. 

Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Groningen Groningen, The Netherlands... 

F. Zernike (Groningen) demonstration of the phase contrast method and invention of the phase contrast microscope. 

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