Grignard reagent alkylation with

Strictly speaking the alkyl halides are esters of the halogen acids, but since they enter into many reactions (t.g., formation of Grignard reagents, reaction with potassium cyanide to yield nitriles, etc.) which cannot be brought about by the other eaters, the alkyl halides are usually distinguished from the esters of the other inorganic acids. The preparation of a number of these is described below. 

Grignard reagents react with ethylene oxide to yield primary alcohols containing two more carbon atoms than the alkyl halide from which the organometallic compound was prepared... 

Additionally, Grignard reagent reacts with an alkyl orthoformate to form an acetal which is then hydrolyzed to the corresponding aldehyde usiag dilute acid. 

Carbanions ia the form of phenyllithium, sodium naphthalene complex, sodium acetyHde, or aromatic Grignard reagents react with alkyl sulfates to give a C-alkyl product (30—33). Grignard reagents require two moles of dimethyl sulfate for complete reaction. 

Some recent studies have underlined the effect that certain physical properties of the reaction medium have in governing the nature and yields of the products obtained when indole Grignard reagents react with alkyl or alkynyl halides. Such factors include the basicity and dielectric constant of the medium and its ability to solvate any of the reacting species. ... 

Another type of Grignard reaction is the alkylation with alkyl halides. Upon treatment of a Grignard reagent RMgX with an alkyl halide 5, a Wwrtz-like coupling reaction takes place. 

Alkyl lithium and alkyl Grignard reagents react with aromatic nitro compounds in a similar way to give alkylated products (Eq. 9.23).37... 

In the general context of donor/acceptor formulation, the carbonyl derivatives (especially ketones) are utilized as electron acceptors in a wide variety of reactions such as additions with Grignard reagents, alkyl metals, enolates (aldol condensation), hydroxide (Cannizzaro reaction), alkoxides (Meerwein-Pondorff-Verley reduction), thiolates, phenolates, etc. reduction to alcohols with lithium aluminum hydride, sodium borohydride, trialkyltin hydrides, etc. and cyloadditions with electron-rich olefins (Paterno-Buchi reaction), acetylenes, and dienes.46... 

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