Greenness environmental factors

In ancient times, poison-hemlock seed was collected green, dried and stored to be used medicinally as a sedative. The dried leaf and juice of Conium maculatum L. (Hemlock) were listed in pharmacopoeias of London and Edinburgh from 1864 to 1898, and the last official record appeared in Great Britain in the British Pharmaceutical Codex of 1934. Interest in the medicinal value of poison-hemlock has declined because of the unpredictability of its effects. The unpredictability is now understood, the toxin profile and concentration in the plant and green seed can vary dramatically because of environmental factors or, even, diurnally. 

E-factor The environmental factor (the ratio of the total mass of waste to the mass of the desired product) a measure of how green a reaction or process is... 

The two key pillars in the context of SCP Action Plan in Europe are the Green Public Procurement (GPP) and the Integrated Product Policy (IPP). One of the main pillars of European SCP Policy is GPP, which means that public purchasers take account of environmental factors when buying products or services. ... 

Siegel RC (1977) Scleroderma. Med Clin North Am 61 283-296 Silman AJ, Jones S (1992) What is the contribution of occupational environmental factors to the occurrence of scleroderma in men Ann Rheum Dis 51 1322-1324 Silver RM, Sahn EE, Allen JA, Sahn S, Greene W, Maize JC, Garen PD (1993) Demonstration of silicon in sites of connective tissue disease in patients with silicone-gel breast implants. Arch Dermatol 129 63-68... 

Other environmental factors produce nitrogen rash and green hair. Scuba divers may develop nitrogen rash from dissolution of nitrogen in subcutaneous... 

The importance of the solvent as an environmental factor was inferred by extraction experiments. A solution of /-[Co(acac)3] (acac = acetyl-acetone) in CCl3H-EtOEt mixture was extracted with 2% d-[Co(en)3]l3 saturated with ether. The portions extracted into the aqueous layer were then extracted quantitatively with CHCI3 and evaporated. The green residue... 

The biosynthesis of ascorbic acid in plant tissues has been shown to be influenced by a number of factors, the most prominent of which is light. The relationship of vitamin C and light had become the subject of research even before the vitamin had been isolated and chemically identified. As research progressed, it became evident that light had a profound infiuence on the ascorbic acid content of green plants, and that it was the chief environmental factor concerned. 

There are certain metrics used in Green Chemistry. One is associated with principle two Synthetic methods should be designed to maximize the incorporation of all materials used in the process into the final product. That is the metric of atom economy [14]. Atom economy is the mass of the product divided by the sum of the mass of all the reactants. Ideally this number is one and the closer to one the better. Atom economy does not take into account solvent or other reagents such as bases. Another metric is the Environmental factor or E-factor [15], The E-factor is the mass of the total waste divided by the mass of the product. Ideally the E-factor should be zero and the smaller the number, the better. However, some fine chemical or pharmaceutical syntheses have E-factors of about one hundred. Using micelles, the Lipshutz group reduced the E-factor of a Heck reaction from 137 to 7.5 and then even lower with recycle [16], Consider the following experimental procedure [17],... 

---