Greener Synthetic

Ritter, S.K. (2004) Chem. Eng. News, 82 (27), 4. Also Development of Green Synthesis for Taxol Manufacture via Plant Cell Fermentation and Extraction submitted for 2004 EPA Greener Synthetic Chemistry award, http //www. epa.gov/greenchemistry/pubs/pgcc/ winners/gspa04.html (accessed May 2009). 

It is clear that if these aspirational E factor targets are to be met, then improvements are desirable in many areas of chemistry, including waste minimization in medicinal chemistry, greener synthetic methods in primary manufacture, increased use of chemo and biocatalysis, and more collaborative efforts between pharmaceutical companies. These areas are aU discussed in the remainder of this chapter. Although Sheldon focused on primary manufacture, it is also important to think about secondary manufacture (formulating tablets, capsules, or other dosage forms), which is also covered in this chapter. 

Emerging Greener Synthetic Routes to Hydrofluorocarbons Metal Fluoride-Mediated Oxyfluori nation... 

The teaching was divided in basic themes i.e Atom economy. Industrial Processes, Alternative Solvents, New Feedstocks and Products, New Reactions and New Synthetic Methods. In addition topics related to current research in Green Chemistry were addressed with the aim to familiarize the students with the strategies behind the planning and designing of efficient and "greener synthetic routes. 

Greener Synthetic Pathways Battelle for the development and commercialization of Biobased Toners A soy-based toner that performs as well as traditional ones, but is much easier to remove... 

In 1997, the Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Greener Synthetic PathwaysAward was given to BHC Company (now BASF) for a novel method of ibuprofen synthesis.The new process consists of three catalytic steps, with the only byproduct being acetic acid, and has overall atom efficiency of about 80%. Since the acetic acid byproduct does not end up in the waste but is recovered, the process can be considered virtually 99% atom efficient. The older process, replaced by the award-winning one, consisted of six stoichiometric steps with an overall atom efficiency of less than 40%. 

However, the core of this work, covered by Chapters 5, 6, 9 and 10, is dedicated to green metrics, optimization, and the parameterization of synthesis strategy for route selection and reaction networks. This section is extremely important and educational for scientists as it is instructive in teaching chemists how to aitique plans and in ultimately choosing the best possible (and possibly greener) synthetic methodology approach. 

Focus Area 1 An industry sponsor for a technology in the use of greener synthetic pathways... 

Environmental Protection Agency. Green Chemistry. 2008 Greener Synthetic Pathways Award available at http /Avww.epa.gov/ greenchemistry/pubs/pgcc/winners/gspa08.html (accessed September 17, 2009). 

The new synthetic route to ibuprofen is an important example of how ideas of green chemistry can influence for the better the industrial synthetic methods used, not only from the point of view of economic efficiency, but also by introducing more effective methods of science and technology. Improved methods of synthesis for hexan-l,6-dioic acid (adipic aid) and cis-butenediol acid (maleic anhydride) - important for the industrial synthesis of nylon and polyesters respectively - are two other examples of the impact of a greener synthetic approach to industrial chemistry. 

Greener Synthetic Pathways Award http //www2.epa.gov/green-chemistry/presidential-green-chemistry-challenge-winners, (accessed Dec 2014). 

C. Gambarotti, L. Melone, T. Caronna, C. Punta, 02-mediated photocatalytic functionalization of organic compounds recent advances towards greener synthetic routes, Curr. Org. Chem. 17 (2013) 240 2419. 

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