Green solvents commercially available

In some cases special synthetic methodologies were applied to increase reactions yields or to satisfy green chemistry requirements. For example, Yao and co-authors [41] successfully carried out solvent-free three-component reaction of 5-ammotetrazole, aromatic aldehydes, and acetoacetic acid in the presence of inexpensive and commercially available sulfamic acid as catalyst. The yields of the MCRs were rather low but the whole procedure was facile, economic, and eco-friendly. 

Abbott et al. [98-103] reported the synthesis and characterization of new moisture-stable, Lewis acidic ionic liquids made from metal chlorides and commercially available quaternary ammonium salts (see Chapter 2.3). They showed that mixtures of choline chloride (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride, [Me3NC2H40H]Cl and MCU (M=Zn, Sn) give conducting and viscous liquids at or around room temperature. These deep eutectic solvents/ionic liquids are easy to prepare, are water-and air-stable, and their low cost enables their use in large-scale applications. Furthermore, they reported [104] that a dark green, viscous liquid can be formed by mixing choline chloride with chromium(III) chloride hexahydrate and that the... 

Room temperatures ionic liquids (ILs)- salts with melting points below 100°C- have attracted considerable attention as novel reaction media over the last decade. By virtue of their nonflammability, thermal stability and non-volatility ionic liquids have been proposed as alternative solvents receiving serious consideration with the promise of both environmental and technological benefits. Really, recent data showing that commonly used ILs have very low but not null vapour pressures (they can distilled at low pressure), that a large group of ILs is combustible" and some commercially available ionic compoimds are toxic for some aquatic species, have cast a shadow on the "green character of ILs. The instinctive skepticism toward... 

Examples of commercially available green solvents (proprietary design reproduction with the permission of Cognis GmbH, Monheim/D ref. R. Hofer, J. Bigorra, Comunicaciones, Jorn. Com. Esp. Deterg., 2006, 36, 43-64). 

Not many green anthraquinone disperse dyes are available commercially. One example is Cl Disperse Green 6 1 (6.53), which has wider use as Cl Solvent Green 3 and is the precursor of Cl Acid Green 25 (6.27). 

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