Green composite natural fiber composites

B. Alexander, M. Supriya, and L. Thomas, Plant Fibers as Reinforcement for Green Composites. Natural Fibers, Biopolymers, and Biocomposites. CRC Press (2005). 

S. Kalia, B.S. Kaith, 1. Kaur, Cellulose Fibers Bio- and Nano-Polymer Composites Green Chemistry and Technology, Polyolefin Based Natural Fiber Composite (Springer, Heidelberg, Dordrecht, London, New York, 2011)... 

N. Dissanayake and J. Summerscales, Fife cycle assessment for natural fiber composites, in Green Composites from Natural Resources, pp. 157-181, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FT (2013). V.K. Thakur, M.K. Thakur, and R.K. Gupta, Graft copolymers from natural polymers using free radical polymerization. Int. /. Polym. Anal. Charact. 18, 495-503 (2013). 

Goda, K., Gomes, A., Asahi, T., and Yamane, T. (2002) Development of biodegradable natural fiber composites by press forming method. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Green Compo, Society of Material Science, )apan, pp. 8-11. 

A. Bismark, S. Mishra, and T. Lampke. Plant fibers as reinforcement for green composites. In A.K. Mahanty, M. Misra, and L.T. Drzal (Eds.), Natural Fibers, Biopolymers, and Biocomposites, Taylor Francis, CRC, Boca Raton, 2005, p. 65. 

The ultimate goal of research in green composites is to replace the existing synthetic glass fibers with natural fibers as reinforcements and also to replace petroleum-based polymers with renewable-resource-based bipolymers as matrices in designing and engineering of biocomposite materials [33]. 

Thakur, V. K., Thakur, M. K., Gupta, R. K (2014). Graft copolymers of natural fibers for green composites, Carbohvdr. Polvm.. 104,87-93. 

Wood is a naturally occurring composite material consisting of lignin, cellulose, hemicelluloses (= pentoses), and water a composite consisting of oriented cellulose fibers in a continuous matrix of cross-linked lignin plasticized by water. Freshly felled (green) wood contains about 40%-60% water and air-dried wood contains about 10%-20%. The composition of wood varies according to type of tree (Table 24-14). 

Mohanty A, Misraa M, Hinrichsen G (2000) Biofibres, biodegradable polymers and biocomposites an overview. Macromol Mater Eng 276/277(1) 1-24 Mohanty A, Misra M, Drzal L (2001) Surface modifications of natural fibers and praformance of the resulting biocomposites an overview. Compos Interf 8(5) 313-343 Mohanty M, Misra M, Drzal L (2002) Sustainable bio-composites from renewable resources opportunities and challenges in the green materials world. J Polym Environ 10(1/2) 19-26 Morrison W, Akin D (2001) Chemical composition of components comprising bast tissue in flax. J Agric Food Chem 49(5) 2333-2338... 

Bhaduii SK, Sen SK, Dasgupta PC (1983) Structural studies of an acidic polysaccharide isolated from the leaf fibre of pineapple (Ananas comosus MERR). Carbohydr Res 121 211-220 Bhattacharya TB, Biswas AK, Chatterjee J, Pramnick D (1986) Short pineapple leaf fibre reinforced rubber composites. Plast Rubb Process Appl 6 119-125 Bismarck A, Mishra S, Lampke T (2005) Plant fibers as reinforcement for green composites. In Mohanty AK, Misra M, Drzal LT (eds) Natural fibers, biopolymers and biocomposites. Taylor Francis, EL, Boca Raton... 

Presently there is a huge potential market for recyclable, energy efficient, and more environmentally friendly composite materials. The utilization of natural fiber can thus lead to the reduction of waste disposal problems and environmental pollution. These NFC find applications in various engineering, electronic and automotive fields once the issues such as moisture sensitivity, compatibility, dispersion are addressed in a proper way. Green, environmentally friendly, sustainable, renewable, biodegradable, composites from natural fibers are most desired materials for future. 

V.K. Thakur, A.S. Singha, and M.K. Thakur, Green Composites from Natural Fibers Mechanical and Chemical Aging Properties. Int. J. Polym. Anal. Charact. 17, 401-407 (2012). 

S. Joseph, K. Joseph, and S. Thomas, Green composites from natural rubber and oil palm fiber Physical and mechanical properties. Int. J. Polym. Mater. 55, 925-945 (2006). 

M. J. John, K.T. Varughese, and S. Thomas, Green composites from natural fibers and natural rubber Effect of fiber ratio on mechanical and swelling characteristics. /. Nat. Fibers 5, 47-60 (2008). 

K. Goda, M.S. Sreekala, A. Gomes, T. Kaji, and J. Ohgi, Improvement of plant based natural fibers for toughening green composites—Effect of load application during mercerization of ramie fibers. Compos. A 37, 2213-2220 (2006). 

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