Green Chemistry: Fundamentals and Applications

Ameta, C., Ameta, K. L., Sharma, B. K., Ameta, R. (2014) Microwave-assisted Organic Synthesis A Need of the Day. In Green Chemistry Fundamentals and Application, Ameta, S. C., Ameta, R. (Eds.) New Jersey Apple Academic Press, 283-215. 

Dr. Cbetna Ameta is Assistant Professor of Chemistry at Sukhadia University, Udaipur, india. With 16 research papers to her credit, she has aiso contributed a chapter to the book Green Chemistry Fundamentals and Applications, pubiished by Appie Academic Press, inc. She was a recipient of a Junior Research Feiiowship (JRF) and a Senior Research Feiiowship (SRF) from the indian University Grants Commission (UGC). 

Still on books and didactic material, a relevant example is the book Green Chemistry Fundamentals and Methods, which is solely about GC and summarizes thematic indexes, academic initiatives and industrial applications of GC in Brazil. 

As for supercritical water and related systems, we believe that much effort is still needed to understand the formation and stability of molecular clusters and dilute conditions and their role in the fundamental solvation characteristics of these solvents. Very little is known today regarding the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with the role of supercritical water as both reaction media and reactant, especially in connection with quantum mechanical charge transfer and bond breaking effects. The latter is extremely important to our understanding, and, therefore, control, of supercritical water as a green chemistry reaction environment for practical applications. 

Ionic liquids IIII Fundamentals, Process, Challenges, and Opportunities edited by R. D. Rogers and K. R. Seddon (ACS, Symposium Series, Washington DC, 2005). Ionic liquids Industrial Applications to Green Chemistry, by R. D. Rogers and K. R. Seddon (ACS, Symposium Series, Washington DC, 2002). Ionic Liquids in Synthesis edited by P. Wasserscheid and T. Welton (Wiley-VCH Weinheim, 2003). 

SEC SGC published the small collection of articles about their activity that includes material about the fundamentals of green chemistry the description of the Twelve Principles, some examples of research works in this field and industrial applications. Surely that is not enough and the writing of the textbook is an urgent need for Russia. 

Nevertheless, alternative or nontraditional methods are interesting fields for new applications, due to the need for more selective synthetic and environmentally friendly methods, including the aspect of reaction media (solvent) and energy transfer into a reaction system. The use of supercritical fluids (SCFs) or ionic liquids (IL) as process solvents is well established. From the view point of green chemistry or sustainable chemisfiy, it is SCFs, especially supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2), that are the main focus [2, 3]. It is currently under discussion whether ioiuc liquids as alternative process solvents are beneficial. In general, more fundamental problems, like recovery, reuse, purification and ecology (eco-toxicity), have to be solved. 

L.J.M. Jacobs, M.F. Kemmere, J.T.F. Keurentjes, Sustainable polymer foaming using high pressure carbon dioxide a review on fundamentals, processes and applications. Green Chemistry 10 (7) (2008) 731-738. 

Laware S., Legoy M.-D. and Graber M., Solid / gas bioreactors powerful tools for fundamental research and efficient technology for industrial applications. Green Chemistry Vol. 6 (2004) p. 445. 

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