Grazing incident X-ray scattering

Melroy O R, Toney M F, Borges G L, Samant M G, Kortright J B, Ross P N and Blum L 1989 An In situ grazing incidence x-ray scattering study of the initial stages of electrochemical growth of lead on silver(111) J. Electroanal. Chem. 258 403-14... 

FIGURE 27.7 Grazing incidence X-ray scattering geometry. The X-rays are incident on the sample at an angle (j) and are detected at a combination of two angles 29 and 2c ). ... 

MgO is a particularly well studied oxide the structure of the (100) single crystal surface is extremely flat, clean, and stoichiometric. Recent grazing incident X-ray scattering experiments have shown that both relaxation, -0.56 0.4%, and rumpling, 1.07 0.5%, are extremely small [66]. However, no real crystal surface consists of only idealized terraces. A great effort has been undertaken in recent years to better characterize the MgO surface, in particular for polycrystalline or thin-film forms which in some cases exhibit an heterogeneous surface, due to the presence of various sites. All these sites can be considered as defects. The identification and classification of the defects is of fundamental importance. In fact, the presence of appreciable concentrations of defects can change completely the chemical behavior of the surface. A typical example is that of the reaction of CO on MgO (see 3.1). 

Fig. 1. Grazing incidence X-ray scattering geometry. All notations are defined in the text.

Fig. 30. Structure of the TiO2(110) surface as determined via STM (left panel) [144] and grazing incidence X-ray scattering (right panel) [149].

REN 98] RENAUD G., Oxide surfaces and metal/oxide interfaces studi grazing incidence x-ray scattering . Surf. Sci. Reports, vol. 32, no. 1-2, p. 1-90,1998. 

Recent studies which employ diffraction techniques, including medium energy ion scattering (MEIS) (Tromp et al., 1983), LEED (Holland et al., 1984) and grazing incidence X-ray scattering (Jedrecy et al., 1990), favor the asymmetric dimer model in which the top layer dimer is tilted by between 13.3 and 7.6 degrees. However, a kinematic LEED study (Zhao et al., 1991), photoemission studies (Johansson et al., 1990 Uhrberg and Hansson, 1991)... 

This technique (sometimes referred to as grazing incidence x-ray scattering) essentially involves conventional Bragg diffraction under conditions of total external reflection. 

Figure 40. Electrochemical cell for in situ grazing-incidence x-ray scattering experiments. A, silver(l 11) electrode B, Ag/AgCI reference electrode C, Pt counter electrode D, polypropylene window E, O-ring F, contact to Ag electrode G, solution inlet H, solution outlet. (From Samant, M. G., Toney, M. F., et al., Phys. Rev. B. 38 10962 (1988), with permission.)...

Reich T, Moll H, Arnold T, Denecke MA, Hennig C, Geipei G, Bernhard G, Nitsche H, Allen PG, Bucher JJ, Edelstein NM, Shuh DK (1998) An EXAFS study of uranium(VI) sorption onto silica gel and ferrihydrite. J Electron Spectrosc Relat Phenom 96 237-243 Renaud G (1998) Oxide surfaces and metal/oxide interfaces studied by grazing incidence X-ray scattering. Surf Sci Rept 32 1-90... 

Renaud, G (1998) Oxide surfaces and metal/oxide interfaces studied by grazing incidence X-ray scattering, Surf Sci Rep 32 1-90... 

P.H. Fuoss, K.S. Liang, and P. Eisenberger. Grazing-Incidence X-Ray Scattering. In R.Z. Bachrach. editor, Synchrotron Radiation Research. Advances in Surface and Interface Scierice, Volume I Techniques. Plenum Press, New York, 1992. 

In conclusion, AFM and grazing-incidence X-ray scattering essentially confirm the model of Fig. 9b. The cylindrical PMMA domains stand normal to the substrate and span the entire film. They are embedded in a matrix... 

Ree, M. Probing the self- assembled nanostructures of functional polymers with synchrotron grazing incidence x-ray scattering. Macromol. Rapid Connnun. 35, 930 (2014)... 

X-ray photoelectron diffraction on hematite (001) from Thevuthasan et al. (1999) Grazing incidence x-ray scattering on AI2O3 (001) from Guenard et al. (1998) Calculations on hematite (001) from Wasserman et al. (1997)... 

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