Grazing, barriers

Hay ME (1981) Spatial patterns of grazing intensity on a Caribbean barrier reef herbivory and algal distribution. Aq Bot 11 97-109... 

If complete burial of slurry can be guaranteed then the return of grazing animals to injected pasture would be controlled more by the state of the sward rather than the potential pathogen content of the slurry. Andrews et al (16) and Dickson and Tribe (17) have confirmed that the soil cover over injected sludge is an effective barrier to infection and that numbers of organisms fall rapidly following injection. 

Sometimes it seems like everyone wants you to put your baby down on plastic. So many things come wrapped in it—from conventional crib mattresses to pack-and-plays to bouncy seats. Our alternative to the ever-present vinyl waterproof pad is to use Pure Grow Wool as a wetness barrier. This wool is made from animals who grazed on pesticide-free pasture and ate chemical-free feed. Puddle pads can be found on many of the sites listed below. 

Filtration is a physical separation whereby particles are removed from the fluid and retained by the filters. Three basic collection mechanisms involving fibers are inertial impaction, interception, and diffusion. In collection by inertial impaction, the particles with large inertia deviate from the gas streamlines around the fiber collector and collide with the fiber collector. In collection by interception, the particles with small inertia nearly follow the streamline around the fiber collector and are partially or completely immersed in the boundary layer region. Subsequently, the particle velocity decreases and the particles graze the barrier and stop on the surface of the collector. Collection by diffusion is very important for fine particles. In this collection mechanism, particles with a zig-zag Brownian motion in the immediate vicinity of the collector are collected on the surface of the collector. The efficiency of collection by diffusion increases with decreasing size of particles and suspension flow rate. There are also several other collection mechanisms such as gravitational sedimentation, induced electrostatic precipitation, and van der Waals deposition their contributions in filtration may also be important in some processes. 

Russ, G., Distribution and abundance of herbivorous grazing fishes in the central Great Barrier Reef. 

Xu T, Zangari G, Metzger RM (2002) Periodic holes with 10 nm diameter produced by grazing Ar+ milling of the barrier layer in hexagonally ordered nanoporous alumina. Nano Lett 2 37 1... 

Many conventional techniques based on X-rays can be applied in grazing inci-dence/exit mode. While they have been developed for many years and their potential is obviously large, only a handful of reports exist of their application to the study of EEIs. They provided a unique insight into the reorganization of the electrode surface and EEI structure in numerous cathode materials [195-198], as well as evaluate the crystallinity of any reaction deposits [199]. This structural reorganization is of critical importance, as it can lead to increased activation barriers for the transfer of ions from the electrolyte to the electrode. Further, because hard X-rays, which penetrate deep into matter, were employed, setups have been proposed and demonstrated to carry out experiments in situ to probe live, electrified interfaces [196]. 

The paper is organized as follows. First we recall and discuss SnelVs and FresneFs laws for X-ray optics. We then derive the general relation of the density profile across the surface to specular reflectivity (Fig. 1.1a) and to the Qz-variation in grazing incidence diffraction (Fig. 1.1b). Specular reflectivity is illustrated by two examples. The first is reflection from a bare water surface and the determination of the diffuseness of the air-water interface due to thermally excited capillary waves. In the second example we consider a monomolecular film of an amphiphilic molecule, arachidic acid, floating on water, as the area per molecule is varied by a moveable barrier in a Langmuir trough. ... 

The interface between pentacene and a layer of PEDOT PSS being spin coated onto Au source and drain contacts was analyzed by AFM, grazing incident angle x-ray diffraction and UPS. It was found that the PEDOT PSS interlayer reduced the hole-injection barrier and simultaneously led to increased crystalline domains of the semiconductor. Both changes improved the OFET characteristics. 

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