Graphs presentation

The average experimental value of the coefficient 0 is 1.7 with a standard deviation (og) of 0.05. Equation (7.160) allows one to calculate the momentum ratio (/rj2/foi) required to extend the length of zone I to the value equal to Xj, given that the distance between the directing nozzles is equal to The graph presented in Fig. 7.56 is plotted according to Eq. (7.160) for and X,2 equal to 6.2. The maximum value of reverse flow velocity (n,, .) was found to be in the cross-section at X equal to Xy... 

Determine the atmospheric transmissivity using one of the equations presented in Chapter 3, Section 3.5.2., which describes the graphs presented in Appendix A ... 

Figures 2 and 3 present typical results obtained from a low plate count column and a high plate count column. The graphs present the calculated molar concentrations of macromolecular species as a function of their degree of polymerization. The straight lines are the theoretical, kinetic distributions. Inasmuch as convergent solutions are obtained, the algorithm is effective for correction for Imperfect resolution.

For fixed value of the vaporization constant, regardless of droplet size, a graph presented by Probert (98) shows fraction vaporized as a function of n, x, X, and t. When X is not constant with change of droplet size, this graph does not apply. Nevertheless, its significance in development of vaporization analysis techniques has been great. 

These calculations are checked by consulting manfacturers literature concerning pumps (Refs. P7 and P8). Graphs presented in the literature enable a final sizing of the pump, including factors such as rotational speed, impeller diameter, power input and minimum net positive suction head. 

Figures 5 and 6 show the results of this study along with the results of Sooter (2) and Satchell (3) who conducted similar studies using the same experimental set up but with Nalcomo 474 catalyst and Raw Anthracene Oil. The graphs presented here are either sulfur or nitrogen weight percent in the product oil from the reactor vs the volume hourly space time. Of course, low sulfur or nitrogen in the product oil would correspond to higher activity of the catalyst.

Note that the graphs presented correspond to the ratio of the internal xD and external xB Brownian diffusion times—they are given by Eqs. (4.28) and (4.29), respectively—which amounts to a rather small value. This choice is deliberate. Indeed, using the representations of the times we have... 

IMEP graphs are given. These graphs present the information retrieved from the questionnaire. Results in IMEP on solid samples have to be reported as content values corrected for dry mass. There is no protocol prescribed for moisture content determination. Participants are free to use their routine method. The majority of IMEP participants apply the oven-drying method at a certain temperature with or without prior equilibration of the sample at ambient conditions. Other questions regard the time needed for the analysis, the experience of the participants, and their regular participation in PT schemes. 

Figure 16.7 Seasonal and interannual variations in NOs concentrations at Station ALOHA. Shown are (A) the 16-year data set on NOs (nM) in the upper 200 m as well as the summer vs. winter climatologies. Note the log scale in both graphs. (B) integrated (0-100 m) inventories of NO3 showing aperiodic irgections of NO3 into the upper euphotic zone. Note the lower graph presents the data on a log scale to emphasize the extreme temporal variability in N03 inventory which exceeds a factor of300 over the 16-year observation period,...

In this case the spontaneous strain U, the order parameter ctJ, and the elasticity constant C = Cee are described by the following formulae and the graph presented in the Fig. 2. 

The adiabatic reactor data for all five RIM elastomers with rigid segments from 54.8% to 13.2% were plotted in Figures 1,2,3,4, and 5. The graphs presented a clear picture of the influence the... 

Figure 19-9 Power function graph presenting probability for rejection on the y-axis versus size of error on the x-axis.The different lines represent numbers of control observations, In this case n= 1,2, and 4.

Fig. 1.16. The graph presents a comparison of theoretical and experimental vertical electron detachment energies (VDEs) for Aun in = 4-14). The optimized ground state structures (labeled A for each size) and close lying low-energy isomers are also displayed [120]. A change from planar geometry to SD-structural motifs is apparent between Aui2 and Auis ...

Fig. 1.22. The graph presents cross sections obtained from the ion mobility measurements for positively and negatively charged gold clusters. It is obvious that the small gold anions (n < 13) have much larger cross sections than the corresponding cations. The dashed line is a fit to the cationic cross sections with the function 0(n) = 4/37r(n / rAu + He) - n is the number of atoms and the parameters tau and rue are determined to be 1.47 and 1.15 A, respectively. This fit function is used to normalize the calculated and experimental cross sections [118]. Also shown in the inset is the typical arrival distribution of Aui2. Aui2 is the only cluster that was found to exhibit two peaks in the arrival time distribntion in this experiment. This observation points toward two isomers (A and B) with largely different cross sections [118]...

The AHads values corresponding to PZC at pH 8 are very scattered. Similar trends are observed in analogous graphs presented in other compilations. It should be emphasized that AHads for given material is pH dependent (this is apparent from some calorimetric studies), and AHads from cip data can be attributed to pH = CIP, i,e. it is determined at different pH for different materials. Thus, very likely the AHads found for certain materials is more negative because it was determined at high pH rather than because this material has a high pHo. 

In the certification exercise of trace elements in lichens (BCR-CRM 482) two or more laboratories applied the same technique of final determination for the same element. In such a case it was possible to compare the results per technique. A grand mean of the means of all the three or more laboratories applying the same technique of final determination was calculated. The obtained grand means were then compared to investigate whether a particular bias could be attributed to any method. The bar-graphs present the grand mean per technique of final measurement (for those elements where this was possible) together with the standard deviation of the set. The table presents the results of the evaluation. 

The table and the bar-graph presentation show all data retained for the certification of D48. 

Fig. 4,11, Bar-graph presentation of results obtained in the certification of lead in mussel tissue BCR-CRM 278. The horizontal dotted line signifies the standard deviation of the set of data and the vertical dotted line the certified value (mean of means). The figure shows the that the SD of the DPASV and of the AAS methods are much larger than those obtained with IDMS. These differences would influence the evaluation of the homogeneity of the material through a two-stage nested design as proposed by ISO Guide 35.

Figure 9.8 The effect of pH upon a solution ofphenolphthalein. This compound is not coloured at pH values less than 8 though it is bright pink for those greater than 9.5. The graph presented here in 3D perspective reveals that for acid pH there is no absorption in the visible region of the spectrum. In contrast, absorptions towards 500 nm appear when the pH becomes alkaline, which are responsible for the well-known colour of the compound. Notable in this example is the modification in the chemical bonding, which is pH dependent.

The above relationship can also be used with binary systems. Its application permits a linear calibration graph to be obtained, which is preferable in most instances. We have re-calculated the non-linear calibration graphs presented earlier [236—238] using eqn. 3.10 and in all instances linear relationships were obtained. 

The simplified version of the structure graph presented in this paper as Fig. (8) indicates only those structures, which are on the shortest path from the educts to the products. (In the graph the stereochemical descriptors R, S, Z and E show the configuration of the eventual centers of chirality at C-l, C-3, C-4, C-8 and C-9, and/or the conformation of the eventual C=C bond at C-3, C-8 and C-9, respectively. Indication of the configuration of a center of chirality precedes that of the conformation of... 

Loadings graphs present bands more distinct from 1,170 cm therefore, in the region from 400 to 1,170 cm, the sampling presented peaks with many noises, mainly for principal component 1. 

The presence of the hydrogen ions suggests that these equilibria are sensitive to pH. The quantity of CO in solution will also be dependent on the COj partial pressure in the air in contact with the water. Figure 8.9 (based on graphs presented by Kemmer [1988] provides data showing the distribution of COj related ions and CO gas in solution as a function ofpH. 

Turbo-molecular pumping systems, however, although cheap for small plants become expensive for larger plants. These facts are shown in the graph presented in Fig. 32a. Considering also the operating costs, it can be seen in Fig. 32b that differences in the initial investment are partially compensated at least. 

Figures 1 and 2 present the FTP results in graphical form for the 2.3L and 3.8L engines, respectively. Each figure consists of four graphs representing HC, CO, NOx and HC + NOx emissions. The lines in each graph present the emission results for each combination of Pd catalyst loading and technology as the Pd catalyst volume is varied form 0% to 100%. The common point on each of these lines is the all Pt/Rli converter.

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