Graphene layers, flexibility

In the liquid phase the topics of principal concern are adsorption and proton and/or electron transfer across the electric donble layer. Carbon materials are unique in these applications becanse they are insolnble over the entire practical range of pH, are amphoteric, and can exhibit either acidic or basic properties this was illustrated in Fignre 1.10. Furthermore, because of their more or less extensive delocalized k-electron system in the graphene layer, they can either accept or donate electrons. Snch remarkable flexibility offers, on the one hand, a nniqne opportnnity to tailor carbon s properties to specific needs in adsorption, catalysis, and electrocatalysis but, as argued in detail elsewhere [24], it is also responsible for the persistent lack of fundamental nnderstanding in the increasingly important field of carbon electrochemistry, despite the tremendous amount of research and development focused on carbon-based capacitors, batteries, and fnel cells. 

Depres JF, Daguerre E, Lafdi K, Flexibility of graphene layers in carbon nanotubes. Carbon, 33 925, 1995. 

Pantano, A., Parks, D.M., Boyce, M.C. Mechanics of deformation of single- and multi-wall carbon nanotubes , J. Mech. Phys. Solids 52(4) (2003), 789-821 Despres, J.F., Daguerre, E., Lafdi, K. Flexibility of graphene layers in carbon nanotubes . Carbon 33(1) (1995), 87-92... 

A highly conductive PANl-nanofiber and graphene layered structure are fabricated by vacuum filtration process and observed a specific capacitance as 210 F/g at discharge current density 0.3 A/g. The fabricated flexible electrode is shown in Fig. 15 [84]. 

The combination of low optical absorbance and high electrical conductivity has attracted a lot of interest for transparent conductor applications. When coupled with its flexibility, it is widely seen as a possible replacement for indium-doped tin oxide (ITO), which has a sheet resistance of 100 Q/cm at 90 % transparency. By growing graphene on copper foils, sheet resistances of 125 Q/cm at 97.4% transparency have been achieved [19]. This has been improved by combining four layers with doping of the graphene, giving resistance of 30 Q/cm at 90% transparency, all done on 30-inch roll-to-roll production scale. 

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