Granule motion

Granule motion also occurs at the outer edge of the spindle. A special class occurs from the poles to the equator during late anaphase and telophase in endosperm divisions of several plants (Bajer and Mole-Bajer, 1956). More typical are cytoplasmic saltatory motions. These sudden, rapid (microns per second) translations of granules through several microns are polarized by the spindle in several cell types and then occur mainly radial to the asters and pole-to-pole along the edge of the spindle (reviewed by Rebhun, 1967,1971). 

Particle Motion and Scale-Up Veiy little fundamental information is published on centrifugal granulators. Qualitatively, good operation rehes on maintaining a smoothly rotating stable rope of tumbling... 

Certain proteins endow cells with unique capabilities for movement. Cell division, muscle contraction, and cell motility represent some of the ways in which cells execute motion. The contractile and motile proteins underlying these motions share a common property they are filamentous or polymerize to form filaments. Examples include actin and myosin, the filamentous proteins forming the contractile systems of cells, and tubulin, the major component of microtubules (the filaments involved in the mitotic spindle of cell division as well as in flagella and cilia). Another class of proteins involved in movement includes dynein and kinesin, so-called motor proteins that drive the movement of vesicles, granules, and organelles along microtubules serving as established cytoskeletal tracks. ... 

Perrin found that, if an emulsion of gamboge were allowed to settle, the granules did not all fall flat to the bottom of the vessel, but remained permanently forming a kind of atmospheric haze extending to a short distance into the liquid. The suspended particles were seen under the microscope to be in Brownian motion. 

Granulation and drying of solutions in a spouted bed were first demonstrated by Berquin (1961). Particle motion which is regular and ordered... 

Oscillating motion of the conveyer causes reciprocating motion of the material which is unloated at the upper point of the conveyer. The granules are cooled and dried by clod air supplied by the fan. Thecooling air temperature iscontrolled within 20-40 °C. 

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