Granular matter

Granular matter is all around us. It ranges from natural materials such as sand and asteroids to artificial materials such as pharmaceutical tablets and dry cereal. There is great and practical interest in static granular matter from the standpoint, for... 

So far, the majority of granular matter studies by NMR/MRI have used liquid state proton measurements in solid materials. Because proton signals are relatively insensitive to chemical environment through the chemical shift effect and because the physical environments are relatively similar in all liquids, the resonance frequency and the NMR linewidth are not good indicators of granular parameters such as particle density and velocity. 

For many measurements specific to granular flows, such as velocity profiles, acceleration or of vibrating samples, a laboratory with NMR/MRI expertise is desirable. Therefore, much of the future progress in NMR/MRI studies of granular systems will come from collaborations of granular matter experts with such laboratories that have the expertise in NMR/MRI. 

A. Menta, Ed., Granular Matter An Interdisciplinary Approach, Springer, New York, 1994. 

H. A. Makse and J. Kurchan, Thermodynamic approach to dense granular matter A numerical realization of a decisive experiment. Nature 415, 614 (2002). 

G. D Anna, P. Mayor, A. Barrat, V. Loreto, and F. Nori, Observing the Brownian motion in vibro-fluidized granular matter. Nature 424, 909 (2003). 

F. Bulnes and A.J. Ramirez-Pastor, Monte Carlo simulation of collective diffusion on heterogeneous media Dual Site-Bond model Granular Matter 3,1-2 (2001). 

Kaolins.— The first class of materials, usually of geologically primary origin, consists, in the purified state, of white clayey matter, containing both the crystalline and amorphous varieties of clay base. In some of these clays the crystalline constituents predominate, as in the North Carolina kaolins. The plasticity of these clays is but feebly developed, though where the granular matter has been broken down by the action of water or other agencies to the amorphous condition, a fair working quality may result. These clays, on account of their whiteness, are used in the pottery industries. 

Producing a GRANULAR matter possible by size enlargement (agglomeration, solidification of liquid droplets, crystallization, etc.) or by size reduction (crushing, grinding, etc.)... 

Sitharam, T. G., Vinod, J. S. (2009). Critical state behaviour of Granular materials from isotropic compression and rebound paths DEM simulations. Granular Matter, 77(1), 33-42. doi 10.1007/sl0035-008-0113-3... 

Wang, J, et al. 2011. Particle shape effects in discrete element modeling of cohesive angular particles. Granular Matter 13 1-12. 

FIGURE 7.26 (See color insert.) (a) Flow pattern, (b) velocity field, and (c) force structure of the granular flow in a cylindrical hopper. (With kind permission from Springer Science+Business Media Granular Matter, Steady-state granular flow in a 3D cylindrical hopper with flat bottom Macroscopic analysis, 7, 2005, 97-107, Zhu, H.P. and Yu, A.B.)... 

Pasha, M. Dogbe, S. Hare, C. Hassanpour, A. Ghadiri, M. (2014) A linear model of elasto-plastic and adhesive contact deformation. Granular Matter, 16, 151-162. 

Liffman, K. Nguyen, M. Metcalfe, G. Cleary, P. (2001) Forces in piles of granular material An analytic and 3D DEM study. Granular Matter 3, 165-176. 

Zhu, H.P. Yu, A.B. (2005) Steady-state granular flow in a 3D cylindrical hopper with flat bottom Macroscopic analysis. Granular Matter 1, 97-107. 

Recent years have witnessed a clear tendency of fusion between the communities of granular matter physics, fluid mechanics, and fluidization... 

KudroDi A, Hetuy J Non-Gaussian velocity distributions in excited granular matter in the absence of clustering, Phys Rev E 62 R1489—R1492, 2000. 

Losert W, Bocquet L, Lubensky TC, Gollub JP (2000) Particle dynamics in sheared granular matter. Phys Rev Lett 85(7) 1428-1431... 

Antonyuk, S., Heinrich, S., Tomas, J., Deen, N. G., van Buijtenen, M. S., Kuipers, J. A. M., 2010. Energy absorption during compression and impact of dry elastic-plastic spherical granules. Granular Matter 12(1) 15-47. 

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