Granular layer thickness

Stratum comeum morphology Granular layer thickness Epidermal thickness Keratinocytic atypia Melanocytic atypia Epidermal mucin Epidermal melanin... 

The initial double blind placebo controlled trials were extended for an additional six months, but further histological assessments performed in a similar fashion showed reversal of some of the earlier changes [47]. The stratum comeum compaction decreased from 90% at 24 weeks to 51% at 48 weeks, the epidermal thickness decreased to 6% less than pre-treatment levels, and the granular layer thickness was reduced after 48 weeks to 25% over baseline compared to 60% increase at 24 weeks. Results of periorbital biopsies performed in 27 patients at baseline, 6,12, and 48 months [44] were available and showed a slightly increased prevalence of stratum comeum compaction compared with baseline and 12 months and a normal granular layer and epidermal thickness. Further ultra-stmctural studies [49, 50] showed increased anchoring fib-... 

During main drying, the situation is very different the condition of a close contact with the product is only true at the beginning of MD thereafter, the measured temperature depends on circumstances which are difficult to analyze. The position of the sensor, on top, in the center or near the bottom contact with the vial wall, decides the measured data, as shown in Figure 1.76. If the filling volume of vials is small (a few millimeters layer thickness) or if the product is granular, it is especially difficult to ob-... 

The formation of ceramic membranes for microfiltration, ultrafiltration or nanofiltration by association of various granular layers is now a common procedure [10]. Each layer is characterized by its thickness, h, its porosity, 8, and its mean pore diameter, dp. These parameters are controlled by the particle size, d, and the synthesis method. Each layer induces a resistance which may be predicted through the classical Carman-Kozeny model ... 

Fig. 86. A. Distribution and density of choline-acetyltransferase (ChAT)-immunoreactive Golgi cells (dots) in two subsequent 100 //m thick parasagittal sections through the vermis of the cerebellar of the cat. Roman numbers indicate lobules according to Larsell pcs, pedunculus cerebellaris superior. Scale bar = 2 mm. B and C. Drawings of immunoreactive Golgi cells from 100 //m thick cerebellar sections. The uppermost cell is from the hemisphere, the lower one from the dorsal vermis. The arrows point to processes thought to be axons. ML, molecular layer GL, granular layer. The border of gray to white matter is marked by a dashed line. Tiling (1990).

Comparatively thick (about 7-14 nm) fibrils were detected in the samples for which the Trx-Ap40 proteins were used. Length of fibrils was about 1-2 pm. These fibrils were very rare on the solid surfaces. Typical SPM image of such fibril is illustrated in Fig. 3b. Practically continuous granular layer was also visualized... 

The structure of the filtration layer may be of various kinds, depending on the material and method of its treatment. Fibrous materials, granular layer and porous materials are used. Woven or bonded textile materials are used most frequently. Depending on the thickness of the filtration fibre, they are used for the retention of submicrometer to micrometer diameters of particles, the fibre thickness being in the range 2 to 10 /im. The filtration rates in the filtration layer are low, varying for different types between 0.01 and 1 m s ... 

Underlying the stratum corneum is the viable epidermis, which has a thickness of about 50 to 100 pm. The viable epidermis, which makes a flat interface with the dead, horny layer, consists of, from top to bottom, the translucent layer (stratum lucidum), the granular layer (stratum granulosum), the spinous or prickle layer (stratum spinosum), and the basal layer (stratum germinativum) [1,2]. The lipid compositions of the stratum granulosum and stratum germinativum are shown in Fig. 1. 

While a single treatment of a very superficial peel can induce exfoliation, a series of these peels is necessary in order to achieve additional benefit. Improvement of skin texture, through the removal of the stratum corneum, induction of acanthosis and an increase in thickness of the granular layer, as well as improvement of melasma and solar lentigenes can be achieved through a series of very superficial peels [Fig. 2.2. PIH is not common with superficial peels as they create minimal inflammation, but can occur. 

After 4 years treatment on a chlorophyll-free diet, the second patient showed clinical improvement with a decrease in ichthyosis. The epidermis had a granular layer 3 cells thick. In the basal layer there were lipid droplets and the oil red O stain was negative. Ultrastructurally the granular layer had three cell layers with slightly decreased amounts of keratohyalin which is structurally normal. The stratum corneum consisted of 20 to 25 flat horny cells (Figure 9.3). In the lower epidermis few liposomes were present in the keratinocytes. 

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