Gram-positive bacteria, activity

Extending the work of Kim [27], Letoumeux and Brunel derivatized 3(1 acetoxy 7 keto 5a cholestane (Scheme 7.9), with ammonia, methylamine, 10 acyclic diamines, and spermine (a tetraamine) forming the corresponding (1 aminosteroids [28]. The amines were tested for their gram positive bacteria activity versus the known and structurally related squalamine (not shown). 

Isoflavonoid Phytoalexins and Their Anti-Gram-Positive Bacteria Activity from French Bean by Rhizoctonia solani Kiihn Infection, or Rotting Cowpea Seeds... 

Tolypomycin Y (48) shows strong antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria and Neisseriagonorrheae. When adininistered by subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, and intravenous routes, tolypomycin Y is effective in mice infected with Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcuspyrogenes and Diplococcuspneumoniae. Cross-resistance is observed with rifampicia but not with other antibiotics. Resistance to tolypomycin Y develops rapidly. The bioactivity of tolypomycin R... 

Kanglemycin. Kanglemycia (74) (Fig. 8) is isolated from the fermentation broth filtrate of Nocardia mediterranei var kanglensis (1747-64) and its stmcture determiaed by x-ray crystallographic studies. The antibiotic is active against gram-positive bacteria (28). 

Qindamycin, 7(5)-7-chloro-7-deoxyliQcomycin [18323-44-9] (1, R = H, R = Q), also known as Cleocin, first resulted from the reaction of lincomycin and thionyl chloride (54) improved synthetic methods involve the reaction of lincomycin and triphenylphosphine dichloride or triphenylphosphine in carbon tetrachloride (55). Clindamycin is significantly more active than lincomycin against gram-positive bacteria in vitro, and is absorbed rapidly following oral adnainistration. Clindamycin 2-palmitate [36688-78-5], (6, R = R = OC(CH2) 4CH2), 2-palmitate ester of clindamycin, is... 

Neosidomycin (63) and SF-2140 (64) are indole N-glycosides produced by S. hjgroscopicus A.ctinomadura respectively (195,196). A revised stmcture for (63) has appeared (197). Compound (64) contains an a-N-glycoside linkage. Both (63) and (64) show activity against gram-positive bacteria, yeast, fungi, and vimses. 

Activity against gram-positive bacteria = P gram-negative bacteria = N mycobacteria = M fungi = F tumors = T and viruses = V. Only peptides not discussed in the text of this article are given references. 

Bacitracin. Bacitracin, a cycHc peptide active against gram-positive bacteria, was discovered in 1943. Bacitracin received dmg certification in 1949 (60—62). Whereas human usage of bacitracin is almost exclusively topical, the vast majority of bacitracin manufactured worldwide is used as an animal feed additive. Reviews of work on bacitracin include its chemistry (63—67), comprehensive aspects (62), medical aspects (62,68), biosynthesis on large enzyme complexes and genetics (69—71), and production (71,72). 

Three more antibiotics, all discovered about 1953, are also derivatives of cytosine. Amicetin, bamicetin and plicacetin may all be isolated from Streptomyces plicatus and all have some activity against some acid-fast and Gram-positive bacteria as well as some other microbial systems (69MI21301). Structural work in this area is fascinating (62JOC2991). 

Sulfurmycin B (active again.st Gram-positive bacteria, mycobacteria, and tumors)... 

Interaction of 6,7-dichloroquinoline-5,8-dione with amides in ethylene glycol afforded oxazolo[4,5-g]quinoline-4,9-dione, a compound with activity against Gram-positive bacteria (no data) (90MI2). 

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