Grains, crystalline

There are materials that are hybrids between glasses and ceramics. Glass ceramics are a family of fine-grained crystalline materials achieved through controlled crystallization... 

Catling DC, Moore J (2003) The nature of coarse-grained crystalline hematite and its implications for the early environment of Mars. Icarus 165 277-300 Chen C-TA, Chen JH, Millero FJ (1980) Densities of NaCl, MgCp, Na2S04, and MgS04 aqueous solutions at 1 atm from 0 to 50 °C and from 0.001 to 1.5 m. J Chem Eng Data 25 307-310 Chen C-T, Fine RA, Millero FJ (1977) The equation of state of pure water determined from sound speeds. J Chem Phys 66 2142-2144 Christensen PR, Anderson DL, Chase SC, Clancy RT, Clark RN, Conrath, BJ, Kieffer HH, Kuzmin RO, Malin MC, Pearl JC, Roush TL, Smith... 

Laboratory Record. The working directions, in the section entitled procedure, are to be kept at hand while carrying out the manipulations. These directions do not need to be copied in the laboratory note book but it is essential, nevertheless, to keep a laboratory record in which are entered all important observations and data, such, for example, as appearance of solutions (color, turbidity) appearance of precipitates or crystals (color, size of grains, crystalline form) results of all weighings or measurements number of recrystallizations results of test for purity of materials and products, etc. 

Phyllosillcates (clay) are the most commonly used diluents because they are relatively inert, available in large quantities at a low cost, and are easily handled during manufacturing and application. Van Olphen (2) defines clays or clay materials as fine-grained, crystalline, hydrous silicates. The structures of clays impart a certain degree of reactivity upon the microbial formulated with them. Several... 

Clay minerals consist of a large family of fine-grained crystalline silicate sheets with arrangements of tetrahedral and octahedral layers. Interlamellar cations can be exchanged (for instance, with H, leading to KIO and KSF montmorillo-nites which are very strong solid acids). 

Bulk exchange methods. Prior to about 1980 the majority of the diffusion coefficients reported in the literature were obtained from a bulk exchange technique. In this approach, fine-grained crystalline powders of silicate, oxide, carbonate, etc. are reacted with a volatile phase such as H2O, O2, CO2, or CO2+CO. In numerous examples, at ambient pressures (0.1 MPa), copious amounts of gas or water vapor ( H2) are passed over the mineral powder such that the isotopic composition of the volatile does not change appreciably during the course of the experiment. Therefore, only the isotopic change in the mineral need be determined. lost (1960) described a method for calculating... 

Shearing zone Highly oriented layer with fine-grained crystalline structure... 

The rate and degree of crystallization may also be affected. Any interface, any surface, any defect in any system may act as a nucleation point, and the addition of more of these nucleation points wiU necessarily produce systems with finer-grained crystalline micro-structures. In nanocomposites, the material is full of nucleation sites as long as silicate dispersion is favorable, materials containing finer-grained polymer crystallites (versus the... 

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