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For applied work, an optical characterization technique should be as simple, rapid, and informative as possible. Other valuable aspects are the ability to perform measurements in a contactless manner at (or even above) room temperature. Modulation Spectroscopy is one of the most usehil techniques for studying the optical proponents of the bulk (semiconductors or metals) and surface (semiconductors) of technologically important materials. It is relatively simple, inexpensive, compact, and easy to use. Although photoluminescence is the most widely used technique for characterizing bulk and thin-film semiconductors. Modulation Spectroscopy is gainii in popularity as new applications are found and the database is increased. There are about 100 laboratories (university, industry, and government) around the world that use Modulation Spectroscopy for semiconductor characterization. [Pg.387]

In general, a pesticide was banned because of an accumulation of data on negative effects, effects that were not observed or were considered acceptable at the time the permit was issued. Table 1.7 contains a list of popular pesticides, and gives an idea of how our government changed its thinking towards them. Here, as in other tables, the names of those pesticides banned after many years of use are shaded. [Pg.20]

How could Dawkins have come up with such an extreme and counterintuitive position The source can be found in his analysis of selection. Dawkins (1976) did not introduce the notion of replicators, but he certainly popularized it. Some entities exhibit structures of the sort that deserves to be termed information . Replication is the transmission of this information from one replicator to the next, copies producing copies. In biological evolution, so Dawkins argues, these replicators are genes. He also introduced a second process (environmental interaction) and corresponding entities (vehicles). As Dawkins sees it, the relation between replicators and vehicles is development. Replicators produce the vehicles in which they reside. Vehicles are clumsy robots, totally governed by the replicators that produce them. [Pg.169]

Still on the subject of Chaques s thesis,9 we could add that it tells the history of the pharmaceutical industry in Spain over the last 40 years. It features chapters on pharmaceutical policy during the Franco regime, the transition to democracy, the Socialist reform of the 1980s and the Popular Parly governments. It also considers the effects of globalization and the decentralization process in Spain. [Pg.216]

There are now several different types of machines that are all capable of microanalysis. All have advantages and disadvantages, but the choice of which to use is often governed by expense and availability to a particular institution. Electron probe microanalysis is by far the most popular, but here particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE), the laser microprobe mass analyzer (LAMMA), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) are also considered. [Pg.276]

Rachel Carson s book Silent Spring that was published in 1962, was the first popular work to bring the uncontrolled environmental contamination by pesticides to public attention. Well-publicized and well-organized campaigns were mounted in several countries to prohibit the use of DDT and other persistent chlorinated insecticides such as Aldrin and heptachlor. Governments in many developed countries like USA,... [Pg.257]

The timetables announced by government and industry have generally been proven too conservative. Many auto companies already have running drivable fuel cell prototypes and it appears likely that some moderate commercialization will be achieved in the next decade. Hybrids are already here and proving to be popular because of their efficiency. They are providing valuable data on the type of electric drives that would be used in hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. [Pg.183]

Of all the rules governing prepositions, none is more famous than Never end a sentence with a preposition While this rule holds true for many situations, it is not an absolute. It is perfectly acceptable to end a sentence with a preposition, especially if it makes the sentences flow better in your essay. For example, in popular speech, it sounds much more natural to say That s all I can think of than That s all of which I can think. ... [Pg.108]

There may be those who can contemplate the addition to our population of vast numbers of persons having no inherited instincts of self-government and respect for law knowing no restraint upon their own passions but the club of the policeman or the bayonet of the soldier forming communities, by the tens of thousands, in which only foreign tongues are spoken, and into which can steal no influence from our free institutions and from popular discussion. But I confess to being far less optimistic. [Pg.48]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.26 , Pg.36 , Pg.53 , Pg.59 ]




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