Government applications Battery

In most situations it is best to store the batteries in a sprinkler-controlled area. The batteries can and will start the fire but only vent reactive materials for a brief period. The chance of water actually coming in contact with elemental lithium is very remote. The water will cool most batteries in close proximity to the fire and also will prevent secondary fires as a result of the battery fire. Water should not be used on very large lithium batteries (above 1000 Ah per cell) but these batteries comprise much less than 1% of the lithium battery population and are only used in military and government applications. 

Special applications are often governed by different priorities as already discussed in relation to golf carts, the low water loss and the delay in antimony poisoning in heavy-duty service of a forklift are of eminent importance, with the result that rubber separators remain the preferred product there. Submarine batteries offer a different... 

A second application of laboratory-based performance assessment technologies has been in the field of fitness-for-duty assessment, primarily supported by military and other government agencies. A varied number of fitness-for-duty assessment batteries have been developed several of these are reviewed here. A major strength of these fitness-for-duty assessment batteries is the availability of a substantial database on the reliability and validity with which these batteries can detect changes in performance related to a number of manipulations, including drug administration, sleep deprivation, and exposure to extreme environments. 

According to some projections, the energy densities of DMFCs could be considerably higher than those of even lithium-ion batteries, so that DMFCs could find applications for low power applications (laptop computers, backpack power sources for soldiers). IFC in the United States, Siemens and Daimler in Germany have designed, constructed, and tested kW-size DMFC power plants. Research studies in several government laboratories, universities, and industries have shown the prospects of attaining a current density of 400 mA cm-2 at a cell potential of 0.5 V. 

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