Goldstein, Joseph

Goldstein, Joseph P., and Michael S. Brown. Cholesterol A Century of Research. HHMI Bulletin, 2003. 

Goldstein Joseph. Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray microanalysis Third Edition. New York Springer, 2003. 

A high plasma concentration of LDL (usually measured as LDL-cholesterol) is a risk factor for the development of atheroma whereas a high concentration of HDL is an anti-risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Fundamental discoveries relating to cholesterol metabolism and the importance of the LDL receptor made by Nobel laureates Joseph Goldstein and Michael Brown led to an understanding of the role of LDL in atherosclerosis. The impact of HDL in reducing CVD risk is often explained by the removal of excess cholesterol from tissues and its return to the liver, a process known as reverse cholesterol transport. However, evidence from research by Gillian Cockerill and others shows that HDL has a fundamental anti-inflammatory role to play in cardioprotection. 

Joseph L. Goldstein and Michael S. Brown Physiology/Medicine Control of cholesterol metabolism... 

The thiolase and HMG-CoA synthase exhibit some regulatory properties in rat liver (cholesterol feeding causes a decrease in these enzyme activities in the cytosol but not in the mitochondria). However, the primary regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis appears to be centered on the HMG-CoA reductase reaction. HMG-CoA reductase is found on the endoplasmic reticulum, has a molecular weight of 97,092, and consists of 887 amino acids in a single polypeptide chain. The sequence of the enzyme was deduced by Michael Brown and Joseph Goldstein from the sequence of a piece of complimentary DNA (cDNA) derived from mRNA that codes for the reductase. The enzyme... 

The importance of the work done on the LDL receptor and familial hypercholesterolemia was recognized in 1985 when Joseph Goldstein and Michael Brown were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. 

I. Goldstein, Irwin Joseph. II. American Chemical Society. Division of Carbohydrate Chemistry. III. Series American Chemical Society. ACS symposium series 88. 

Michael Brown Joseph Goldstein (USA, Nobel Prize, Physiology/ Medicine, 1985, hypercholesterolaemia present cholesterol LDL receptor) Fyodor Lynen (Germany, Nobel Prize, Physiology/ Medicine, 1964, FA synthesis oxidation, isoprenoid biosynthesis)... 

The critical step was the discovery by Michael Brown and Joseph Goldstein (University of Dallas, USA) (Figure 1.38), of how the use of a statin could dramatically reduce the level of LDL or bad cholesterol in the blood, by causing Uver cells to increase the amount of LDL they would snatch up and use for themselves. They were awarded the Nobel Prize in 1985. By 1976 Carl Hoffman (Merck Co, USA) successfuUy repeated the experiments of Endo and Kuroda an isolated lovastatin from a strain of the... 

MicHAtL Brown and Joseph Goldstein Nobel Lectures (1985) The Nobel Foundation, 1985... 

SREBP resides in the endoplasmic reticulum, where it is bound to SCAP by its regulatory (Reg) domain. When cholesterol levels fall, SCAP and SREBP move to the Golgi complex, where SREBP undergoes successive proteolytic cleavages by a serine protease and a metalloprotease. The released DNA-binding domain moves to the nucleus to alter gene expression. [After an illustration provided by Dr. Michael Brown and Dr. Joseph Goldstein.]... 

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors drew more attention in 1985, as Dr. Michael S. Brown and Dr. Joseph S. Goldstein of the University of Texas won the Nobel prize for medicine for their work on LDL receptors. By November 14, 1986, Merck had finished its clinical and long-term animal studies and sent its new drug application (NDA) to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Lovastatin, with a IND/NDA classification of 1A, was approved within 9 months, bringing its total review time (from IND to NDA approval) to 1,204 days, making it one of the most rapidly approved drugs in the history of the FDA. 

Michael S. Brown and Joseph Leonard Goldstein shared the 1985 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for their work on the regulation of cholesterol metabolism and the treatment of disease caused by elevated cholesterol levels in the blood. Brown was bom in New York in 1941 Goldstein, in South Carolina in 1940. They are both professors of medicine at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. 

In lieu of structural information from X-ray diffraction studies to determine the chemical moieties resident on morphologically important crystal faces EDAX can be employed to identify the different atoms present on a given surface. (Joseph 1997 Goldstein 1997). 

In 1985, Michael S. Brown and Joseph Goldstein won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in cholesterol metabolism. It was only in January of 2006 that Endo received the Japan Prize, considered by many to be equivalent to the Nobel Prize. There is no doubt that millions of people whose lives have been—and will be—extended through statin therapy owe their longevity to Akira Endo. 

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