Gold phthalocyanine, preparation

Gold phthalocyanine (PcAu) is prepared by the reaction of gold(I) bromide with molten isoindolinediimine.292... 

Gold (continued) pentafluoride, structure, 27 103 peroxides, 6 343-344 phthalocyanine, preparation of, 7 64 polyhalogen complex of, 3 153 poly(pyrazolyl)borato alkyl derivatives, 42 320-321... 

To prepare the standardized dispersion electrode, a mixture of 100 mg soot, 100 g 97% sulfuric acid and 100 mg pigment was stirred direct into the dilute sulfuric acid of the measuring vessel, so that the concentration of sulfuric acid in the electrolyte after stirring in was about 4.5 N. The current collector electrode was a gold-platinum mesh (90/10) of about 4.5 cm2 area. The current/voltage characteristics shown in Fig. 12 make it possible to compare CoTAA with various phthalocyanines. 

Equations (II) to (IX) illustrate basic methods of preparation, but many variations are used, particularly in industry, to obtain an economic yield. Phthalic acid, phthalamide, phthalimide, and phthalic anhydride, together with urea, are often used instead of phthalonitrile, and catalysts such as ammonium molybdate or zirconium tetrachloride may be employed (249, 251, 269). The reaction between phthalonitrile and metals (finely divided or acid-etched) is usually very vigorous at 250°-300°C, sufficient heat being generated to maintain the reaction temperature. This is an illustration of the ease with which the phthalocyanine skeleton is formed. Even more surprising are the observations that palladium black (118) and gold (189) will dissolve in molten phthalonitrile. Reaction (III) between phthalonitrile and a finely divided metal, metal hydride, oxide, or chloride is perhaps the most generally employed. For the unstable phthalocyanine complexes such as that of silver (11), the double decomposition reaction... 

One can also mention the case of composites-based conducting polymers electrodeposited and characterized on anodes of platinum- or carbon black- filled polypropylene from a stirred electrolyte with dispersed copper phthalocyanine. The electrolytic solution contained, besides the solvent (water or acetonitrile), the monomer (pyrrole or thiophene) and a supporting electrolyte. Patterned thin films were obtained from phthalocyanine derivatives, as reported in the case of (2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-oktakis((2-benzyloxy)ethoxy)phthalocyaninato) copper . Such films were prepared by means of capillary flow of chloroform solutions into micrometer-dimension hydrophobic/hydrophilic channels initially created by a combination of microcontact printing of octadecylmercaptan (Cig-SH) layers on gold electrodes. These latter gave birth to a hydrophobic channel bottom while oxidative electropolymerization of w-aminophenol (at pH 4) led to hydrophilic channel walls. 

Nitrogen Mustard-1, a Chemical Warfare Agent, has been detected with a modified electrode prepared by electrochemically immobilizing, in the presence of the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, copper phthalocyanine nanorods into polypyrrole formed by the polymerization of pyrrole on gold. A linear correlation in the range 0.256 x 10 " -0.384 x 10 M was found, with a detection limit of 6.4 x 10 M [45]. 

---