Phthalocyanine preparation

Coutanceau C, El Hourch A, Crouigneau P, Leger JM, Lamy C. 1995. Conducting polymer electrodes modified by metal tetrasulfonated phthalocyanines Preparation and electro-catalytic behaviour towards dioxygen reduction in acid medium. Electrochim Acta 40 2739-2748. 

C2 domains, 46 460-465 y-carboxyglutamic acid sites, 46 465 70 Calcium nitrate, preparation of, 6 125 Calcium pentaphosphate, 4 37-38 Calcium phthalocyanine, preparation of, 7 ... 

Disilyl selenide, 3 240 Disodium ethylenedithiolate complexes with group VIIB metals, 12 242 Disodium phthalocyanine, preparation and properties of, 7 39... 

Gold (continued) pentafluoride, structure, 27 103 peroxides, 6 343-344 phthalocyanine, preparation of, 7 64 polyhalogen complex of, 3 153 poly(pyrazolyl)borato alkyl derivatives, 42 320-321... 

Cyclotetramerization of phthalonitrile, or its analogues, is the traditional and facile method of phthalocyanine preparation.196-199 In the presence of an appropriate metal template, a variety of metallophthalocyanines have been synthesized (Scheme 58). 

Metal phthalocyanines are easily synthesized by vapor-phase condensation of four molecules of dicyanobenzene in the presence of molecular sieves such as faujasites or A1PO-5 (123-126). This results in direct entrapment of the macrocycle inside the molecular sieve s channels and cages. There are also reports of ship-in-a-bottle synthesis of porphyrins in zeolites, but since porphyrin synthesis requires a mixture of pyrrole and an aldehyde instead of a single compound, porphyrin synthesis is a much less clean process than phthalocyanine preparation (127). Alternatively, soluble porphyrins or phthalocyanines can be added to the synthesis gel of, for example, zeolite X. This also results in entrapped complexes (128). 

The first 6w-calixarenes bridged by a tetrathiafulvalene superstructure have been synthesized via (EtO)3P-mediated dechalcogenation-dimeiization of l,3-dithiol-2-(thi)ones <05JOC6254>. A tetra(thiafulvalene-crown ether) phthalocyanine, prepared in five-steps from 4,5-dibromo-catechol, was synthesized and shown to self-assemble into hehcal tapes <05CC1255>. Diverse... 

An X-ray diffraction study of powdered a copper phthalocyanine, prepared by diluting a concentrated sulfuric acid solution of 8 copper phthalocyanine, has been made (305). The space group is probably P4/m (C 4h), containing six molecules per unit cell. The cell constants, a = 17.376 A and b = 12.790 A, were determined. The heat of transition of a to 8 copper phthalocyanine in o-chlorophenol at 80°C is 2.57 0.03 kcal/ mole (2.9). 

Michaelis, E., Nonomura, K Schlettwein, D., Yoshida, T., Minoura, H., and Wehrle, D. (2004) Hybrid thin films of ZnO with porphyrins and phthalocyanines prepared by one-step electrodeposition. J. Porph. Phthalocyanin., 8,1366-1375. 

Electrodes of two-dimensional sheet polymers of phthalocyanines prepared by in situ reaction of tetracyanobenzene with thin metal films were prepared and characterized in their photoelectrochemical characteristics. Anodic photocurrents were detected, characterizing these films as n-type semiconducting materials. It was also found that such films could be reduced at more positive potentials than unsubstituted phthalocyanines. This change when compared to films of divalent unsubstituted phthalocyanines is caused by unreacted CN groups that were found in the films " . Such films therefore can be looked at as substituted phthalocyanines with electron-withdrawing CN groups which explains their photoelectrochemical characteristics. 

Coutanceau, C., El Hourch, A., Crouigneau, R, et al. (1995). Conducting Polymer Electrodes Modified by Metal TetrasnUbnated Phthalocyanines Preparation and Electrocatalytic Behaviour Towards Dioxygen Reduction in Acid Medium, Electrochim. Acta, 40, pp. 2739-2748. 

Canevari TC, Argiiello J, Francisco MSP, Gushikem Y (2007) Cobalt phthalocyanine prepared in situ on a sol-gel derived Si02/Sn02 mixed oxide application in electrocatalytic oxidation of oxalic acid. J Electroanal Chem 609 61-67... 

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