Gold chloride complex

PanP, Wood SA (1991) Gold-chloride complexes in veiy acidic aqueous-solutions and at temperatures 25-300°C—a laser raman-spectroscopic study. Geochim CosmocMm Acta 55 2365-2371 Parchment OG, Vincent MA, and Hillier IH (1996) Speciation in aqueous zinc-chloride an ab-initio hybrid microsolvation continuum approach. JPhys Chem 100 9689-9693 Parr RG, Yang W (1989) Density functional theory of atoms and molecules. Oxford University Press, New York... 

According to these previous studies, the most dominant dissolved states of Au and Ag in ore fluids are considered to be bisulfide and chloride complexes, depending on the chemistry of ore fluid (salinity, pH, redox state, etc.). However, very few experimental studies of Au solubility due to chloride complex and Ag solubility due to bisulfide complexes under hydrothermal conditions of interest here have been conducted. Thus, it is difficult to evaluate the effects of these important species on the Ag/Au of native gold and electrum. Other Au and Ag complexes with tellurium, selenium, bismuth, antimony, and arsenic may be stable in ore fluids but are not taken into account here due to the lack of thermochemical data. 

Carbene complexes have also been prepared by transmetallation reactions. Lithiated azoles react with gold chloride compounds and after protonation or alkylation the corresponding dihydro-azol-ylidene compounds, e.g., (381) or (382), are obtained.22 9-2264 Silver salts of benz-imidazol have also been used to obtain carbene derivatives.2265 Mononuclear gold(I) carbene complexes also form when trimeric gold(I) imidazolyl reacts with ethyl chlorocarbonate or ethyl idodate.2266,2267 The treatment of gold halide complexes with 2-lithiated pyridine followed by protonation or alkylation also yields carbene complexes such as (383).2268 Some of these carbene complexes show luminescent properties.2269-2271... 

Thiols like pyridine-2-thiol yield (carbene)gold thiolates, and onium salts give cationic (carbene)gold ylide complexes, isolated and characterized as the perchlorates.170 The reaction of dithiocatechol with (cyclohexylisocya-nide)gold chloride affords a carbene complex [(CyNC)AuC(NHCy)2]+Cl-, which co-crystallizes with a neutral tetranuclear complex [(CyNCAu)2Au2(S2C6H4)2].224... 

A whole series of (imidazol-2-ylidene)gold(i) complexes with the 1 1 stoichiometry has been prepared from the readily available silver chloride adducts, which upon reaction with (Me2S)AuCl, followed by chloride metathesis, give the complexes shown in Scheme 60. 

Arylmercury compounds are also often used as starting materials for the synthesis of palladium(ll) complexes. These reactions, whose reagents and products are compiled in Table 3, typically involve the use of chloromercurio derivatives with palladium chloride complexes (entries a-d). 93>95>179-i8i Similar procedures have been applied to the synthesis of ruthenium(ll) and gold(m) complexes (entries e and f).181,182... 

Nechaev, E. A., Nikolenko, N. V. (1986). Adsorption of chloride complexes of gold(III) on iron-oxides. Colloid Journal of the USSR, 48(6), 992-996. 

Paclawski, K., Wojnicki, M. (2009). Kinetics of the adsorption of gold(III) chloride complex ions onto activated carbon. 

An even more serious problem can arise when dissolved species expected to predominate at high temperatures are undetectable at 25°C or are only present at concentrations which are too low for them to be adequately characterized thermodynamically. Examples are certain transition metal chloro-complexes (9,10) and mixed complexes of such metals with hydroxide and another ligand (11,12). Thus it seems that chloride complexing so alters the aqueous chemistry of copper and gold that supposedly inert gold components in autoclaves are reversibly oxidized by Cull (10) and it is likely that mixed oxine and hydroxy complexes of Fell contribute considerably to the gross under-estimation (by a factor of up to 10 ) of magnetite solubility in oxine (12,14). 

Morphology of gold nanoparticles synthesised from gold chloride and gold cyanide complexes under evaporative conditions... 

Lengke, M.F., Fleet, M.E., Southam, G. 2006. Morphology of gold nanoparticles synthesised by filamentous cyanobacteria for gold(1)-thiosulfate and gold(lll)-chloride complexes. Langmuir, 22, 2780-2787. 

Reaction with Grignard reagent, RMgX in ether yields dialkyl gold(lll) chloride, R2AUCI3, which may be converted readily to other dialkyl gold(lll) complexes by replacement of the chloride anion by a donor hgand. 

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