Golay

Millimetre wave Klyston (frequency multiplied) backward wave oscillator Mica polymer None Crystal diode Golay cell thermocouple bolometer pyroelectric... 

Mid- and near-infrared Nernst filament globar NaCl or KBr Grating interferometer Golay cell thermocouple bolometer pyroelectric photoconductive semiconductor... 

A commonly used detector is a Golay cell, in which there is a far-infrared absorbing material, such as aluminium deposited on collodion, inside the entrance window of the cell. 

The aluminium absorbs the radiation, heats up and transfers the heat to xenon gas contained in the cell. As the temperature of the gas varies the curvature of a flexible mirror of antimony-coated collodion, forming a part of the cell, changes. Reflection of a light beam from this mirror, which is on the outside of the Golay cell, indicates its curvature and therefore the intensity of radiation absorbed by the cell. 

Defectors are similar in fype fo fhose for fhe far-inffared, namely fhermocouples, bolomefers, Golay cells or phofoconducfive semiconductors. 

The silica dispersion showed the smallest retention volume. It should be noted, however, that the authors reported that the silica dispersion required sonicating for 5 hours before the silica was sufficiently dispersed to be used as "pseudo-solute". The retention volume of the silica dispersion gave the value of the kinetic dead volume, /.e., the volume of the moving portion of the mobile phase. It is clear that the difference between the retention volume of sodium nitroprusside and that of the silica dispersion is very small, and so the sodium nitroprusside can be used to measure the kinetic dead volume of a packed column. From such data, the mean kinetic linear velocity and the kinetic capacity ratio can be calculated for use with the Van Deemter equation [12] or the Golay equation [13]. 

The concept of the "fudge factor" was introduced by Golay to describe such constants as (X), (y), (co) and (q) used by Van Deemter, Giddings and others in the... 

The Golay equation [9] for open tubular columns has been discussed in the previous chapter. It differs from the other equations by the absence of a multi-path term that can only be present in packed columns. The Golay equation can also be used to examine the dispersion that takes place in connecting tubes, detector cells and other sources of extra-column dispersion. Extra-column dispersion will be considered in another chapter but the use of the Golay equation for this purpose will be briefly considered here. Reiterating the Golay equation from the previous chapter. 

If the solute is unretained (i.e., k"=0), then the Golay equation reduces to... 

Most sensor volumes, whether in LC (e.g., a UV absorption cell) or in GC (e.g., a katharometer cell), are cylindrical in shape, are relatively short in length and have a small length-to-diameter ratio. The small length-to-diameter ratio is in conflict with the premises adopted in the development of the Golay equation for dispersion in an open tube and, consequently, its conclusions are not pertinent to detector sensors. Atwood and Golay [12] extended the theory of dispersion in open tubes to tubes of small length-to-diameter ratio. The theory developed is not pertinent here as it will be seen that, with correctly designed cells, that dispersion from viscous sources can be... 

Katz and Scott used equation (7) to calculate diffusivity data from measurements made on a specially arranged open tube. The equation that explicitly relates dispersion in an open tube to diffusivity (the Golay function) is only valid under condition of perfect Newtonian flow. That is, there must be no radial flow induced in the tube to enhance diffusion and, thus, the tube must be perfectly straight. This necessity, from a practical point of view, limits the length of tube that can be employed. 

Now, it has been previously shown from the Golay equation (chapter 8) that the value of (H) is given by a function of the form,... 

M. J. E. Golay, Theory of cliromatography in open and coated tubular columns with round and rectangular cross-section, in Gas Chromatography Amsterdam 1958 (Amsterdam Symposium), Desty D. H. (Ed.), Butterwoiths Scientific Publications, London, pp. 36-55 (1958). 

Figure 3.11. Smoothing a noisy signal. The synthetic, noise-free signal is given at the top. After the addition of noise by means of the Monte Carlo technique, the panels in the second row are obtained (little noise, left, five times as much noise, right). A seven-point Savitzky-Golay filter of order 2 (third row) and a seven-point moving average (bottom row) filter are...

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