Glycosides amygdalin

Benzaldehyde Cyanohydrin. This cyanohydrin, also known as mandelonitrile [532-28-5] is a yellow, oily Hquid, insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol and diethyl ether. Mandelonitrile is a component of the glycoside amygdalin [29883-15-6] a precursor of laetdle [1332-94-7] found in the leaves and seeds on most Prunus species (plum, peach, apricot, etc). In 1832, mandelonitrile was the first cyanohydrin to be synthesized. 

Bitter almond oil (free from hydrogen cyanide) contains benzaldehyde as its main component. Benzaldehyde does not occur as such in the plant, but is formed, together with hydrogen cyanide, by the hydrolytic cleavage of the glycoside amygdalin. 

N.A. Cydonia oblonga Mill. Tannins, pectin, mucilage, cyanogenic glycosides, amygdalin, fixed oil, tannins.99 For diarrhea, mouthwash, gargle to treat canker sores, gum problems, and sore throat. 

The cyanogenetic glycoside amygdalin (26) has long been of interest to... 

Bitter varieties of almonds Prunus dulcis), formerly marketed as a supplement for persons with cancer, also contain the cyanogenic glycoside amygdalin (0.2% cyanide), while commonly consumed sweet varieties of almonds have only trace amounts of the compound (Dicenta et al. 2002). Concerns listed for bitter apricot also apply to bitter almond (Shragg et al. 1982). 

Occurrence In small amounts in many flavor compounds, essential oils, and flower aromas. The main ingredient of bitter almond oil B. is formed by hydrolysis of the glycoside amygdalin. For analytical distinction from synthetic B., see Lit.. ... 

Capillary electrophoresis has been applied to the analysis of enzymically glucosylated flavonoids and of monosaccharides from glycosaminoglycans, using UV detection and indirect laser-induced fluorescence detection, respectively, and the separation of the cyanogenic glycosides amygdalin and prunasin from their isomers has been achieved by a micellar capillary electrophoresis method. ... 

Phytochemistry Leaves, flowers, bark and seeds contain glycosides (amygdalin, prulaurasin, and prunasin). Prussic acid is found in the bark and leaves. Fruits contain malic and citric acids, sugar, astringent substances, ascorbic acid, and flavonoids (Maznev 2004 Deineka et al. 2004). 

Four cyanogenic glycosides (amygdalin, linamarin, prunasin, mandelonitrile) were extracted from apricots and separated on a C g column (2 = 200 nm or pulsed amperometric detection, ] = 0.00 V for 240 ms, = 0.60 V for 60 ms, ) = —0.80 V for 60 ms). For the amperometric analysis, a 0.5 M NaOH solution was fed into the effluent postcolumn. An isocratic 12 min 82/12 water/acetonitrile run or an 8-min 100/0- 40/60 water/acetonitrile gradient was used [1259]. Baseline resolution was achieved using the gradient... 

In a similar fashion, application of the Isorotation Rules led to the inference 119) that the biose constituent of the glycoside amygdalin is gentio-... 

Almonds which contain the cyanogenic glycoside amygdalin (cf. 16.2.6) are scalded, peeled and then debittered by leaching with flowing water. The HCN content decreases by 80% in 24 h and the water content in the almonds increases to 38%. An extension of the process reduces the HCN content only slightly. 

Gentiobiose The glycoside amygdalin the trisaccharide gentianose glucose -j- glucose... 

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