Glycolic acid, structure

Polymerization of an AB monomer is illustrated by the polyester formed from glycolic acid. The repeat unit in this polymer has the structure... 

To some extent each of these objections is met by the presence of either chemical or crystallite crosslinking in the polymer. Another approach which complements the former is to incorporate rings into the backbone of the chemical chain. As an example, contrast the polyesters formed between ethylene glycol and either suberic or terephthaUc acid. Structures [V] and [VI], respectively, indicate the repeat units in these polymers ... 

Glycoconjugate, 991 Glycogen, function of, 1001 structure of, 1001 Glycol, 234, 662 Glycolic acid, pKa of, 756 structure of, 753 Glycolipid, 991... 

Erbium, tris(2,2,6,6-tetrametbyl-3,5-hep tanedione) structure, 1, 65, 66 Erbium complexes acetylacetone, 2, 374 Erhium(ill) complexes glycolic acid, 2, 472 Eriochalcite, 6, 855 Eriochrome black T metallochromic indicators, 1, 555 Eriochrome blue black R metallochromic indicators, I, 556 Eriochrome cyanine R metallochromic indicator, 1, 556 Erythrocruorin, 6, 689 dioxygen transport, 6,683 stability... 

A detailed spectroscopic and theoretical study of the conformation of dioxolanes 1 has appeared <96T8275>, and a theoretical study has shown that the anomeric effect explains the non-planarity of 1,3-dioxole <96JA9850>. The tetraalkynyldioxolanone 2 has been prepared and its structure and reactivity studied <96HCA634>. Both enantiomers of the chiral glycolic acid equivalent 3 can be prepared from D-mannitol <96HCA1696>, and lipase-mediated kinetic... 

Figure 13.1.2 The molecular structure of glycolic acid, lized species. Lactic acid (Fig. 13.1.3) has also been polymerized into poly(lactic...

Figure 13.10.3 The molecular structure of glycolic acid or a-hydroxyethanoic acid.

EA 3167 (Fig. 43) and BZ (Fig. 44) are almost identical in structure, the former having a cyclopentyl group on the alpha carbon of the glycolic acid nucleus, while the latter has a benzyl group This minor difference seems to result in more tenacious occupancy of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. 

With 2,4-D, neither the trimethylsilyl ester nor the free acid was found among the reaction products. The dominant chromatographic peaks in the mixture represent the TMS derivatives of glycolic acid, oxalic acid, and several four-carbon oxidation products. Some of the latter have been tentatively identified, and the work needed to confirm choices between alternative structures is continuing. Some smaller chromatographic peaks probably represent derivatives of structures containing five or more carbon atoms. The nature of... 

Figure 3 Chemical structure of poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid polymer. The x component represents lactic acid and y component represents glycolic acid. For other poly(hydroxy acids), the side-chain methyl group is replaced by other alkyl groups.

Cultures of primary cardiac myocytes (chick embryo) were formed on fibronectin patterned acrylic surfaces [198]. A microtextured PDMS chip with 20-urn-wide pegs was used to promote cell culture. After coating the PDMS chip with a thin layer of laminin, neonatal rat cardiac myocytes were cultured on it. The cultured cells are typically 50 p.m in length and 10-15 p.m in diameter. The PDMS chip was cast on a mold with parylene structures patterned on a Si wafer. Using the same mold, a poly(lactic/glycolic acid) (PLGA) chip could also be made for culture of rat cardiac fibroblasts [900]. 

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