Glycerine dinitrate

Glycerol (or Glycerin) Dinitrate. See under Glycerol (or Glycerin) Nitrates and in Blatt,... 

A.Mikolajczak proposed in I9O3 and patentee the addn of dinitroglycerin (glycerin dinitrate), C,Hj (0HX0N02)2, and developed a simple method for its prepn... 

With an excess of sulphuric acid, glycerine dinitrate was decomposed to give further nitronium ions, etc. Finally a double ester nitric and sulphuric of glycerol was formed ... 

Dinitro-glycerine (glycerine dinitrate), first prepared by Mikolajzak in 1903 for use in depressing the freezing point of trinitro-glycerine (British Patent, 27,706, 1904), may be prepared alone, and then added to the latter, or, more conveniently, the two esters may be generated simultaneously under suitable conditions in the proportions required. 

Glycidyl nitrate is formed by hydrolysis of two isomers of glycerine dinitrate. Glycerine dinitrate is hydrolyzed in 30 % KOH solution at room temperature. The oily precipitate is glycidyl nitrate with the yield of 95 %. After stability treatment, the final product can be obtained by water washing to pH 7 and drying with a desiccant. 

Glycerine dinitrate, also called dinitro glycerine, is a viscous light yellow liquid with lower explosive property than nitroglycerine. Glycerine dinitrate has two... 

The commercial isomers of glycerine dinitrate have a density of 1.47 (15 °C) and are frozen at 40 °C. At the pressure of 15 mmHg, the distillate collected at 146 °C will not be decomposed. Glycerine dinitrate can be dissolved into most of organic reagents, but carbon tetrachloride and gasoline. It can dissolve collodion easily. The solubility in water is 8.6 % at 20 °C [24]. 

The heat resistance of glycerine dinitrate is better than nitroglycerine. In the Abel test, the decomposition phenomenon only can be observed at set temperature for 16 days. At 150 °C, brown nitrogen oxide can be released. Its explosive decomposition temperature is above 170 °C. 

The explosive decomposition of glycerine dinitrate takes place based on the following equation. 

The shock sensitivity of glycerine dinitrate is less than nitroglycerine with the characteristic height of about 7-10 cm for 2 kg falling weight The characteristic height is 90-100 cm for hydrate crystals of a-isomer and 30-40 cm for liquid P-isomer. 

In industry, there are four methods to prepare glycerine dinitrate. The first method is to nitrate glycerol by a mixed acid, in which the fraction of sulfuric acid is lower than that in the common mixed acid. The product is a mixture of glycerine dinitrate and nitroglycerine with any ratios. The typical composition of a mixed acid is shown in Table 5.22. 

In the oily product, the ratio of dinitro nitrate and trinitro nitrate is about 70 30. The product is diluted by water for the waste acids. After separation, the precipitate includes more nitrate ester, which contains about 90 % glycerine dinitrate. 

In the second method, dilute mixed acid, for example 9 % water mixed acid, is used in the nitration to prepare glycerine dinitrate. After dilution by water, glycerine dinitrate is separated. This is a simple but uneconomical method. The third method was developed by DuPont based on ammonium method [10]. Ammonium is used to neutralize the dilute nitric acid solution to form recoverable ammonium nitrate solution. For glycerine dinitrate without any trinitro esters, one unit of glycerine is dissolved into 3.3 units of nitric acid with the density of 1.5 at 15 °C. The solution will be diluted by one unit of water and neutralized by calcium carbonate. The oily product will be separated out. The small amount of product in water solution will be extracted by ethers. 

Glycerine dinitrate can also be prepared through denitration process of nitroglycerine by sulfuric acid. Nitroglycerine is simply dissolved into concentrated sulfuric acid at room temperature for the denitration reaction. The product solution will be dissolved into water and extracted by diethyl ether to obtain glycerine dinitrate. 

Overall esters Glycerine dinitrate Nitoglycerine Glyctaine dinitrate Nitoglycerine... 

The cost of production of glycerine dinitrate by this method is slightly lower than the method of nitroglycerine as a raw material (Table 5.24). 

Formoxyl glycerine dinitrate is a liquid explosive with strong explosion strength. 

The preparation procedure of formoxyl glycerine dinitrate is described below Thermally treat 2 mol glycerine and 1 mol anhydrous oxalic acid to 140-150 °C. After 20 h, formoxyl glycerine will be formed and part of glycerine will be not reacted. It is a formoxyl glycerine-glycerine solution. The main reaction is shown below ... 

The solution will be then nitrated by a mixed acid of nitric acid and sulfuric acid to form a mixture of 70 % nitroglycerine and 30 % formoxyl glycerine dinitrate. 

Acetyl glycerine dinitrate is insensitive to shock. The lead-block value is 200 cm detonated by 8 detonator. The lead-block value of 92 % blasting gelatin made by acetyl glycerine dinitrate is 145 cm. ... 

---